The car body is made up of a combination of metal components and coverings. Various prefabricated structural members, such as wind window columns, door columns, door horizontals, front and rear rafters, front and rear panels, top covers, etc., are assembled by welding and riveting. Among them, welding is an indispensable process in the assembly line of automotive, and laser welding is provided by Radium.
Body welding mainly includes resistance welding, seam welding, and carbon dioxide welding. Resistance welding welds the contact surfaces of the parts by the current applied to the spot welding electrodes and then joins them under pressure, mainly for the welding of body components and frames. The welding electrode electrode replaces the spot welding electrode of the resistance welding, the roller electrode transmits the welding current and the pressure, and the rotation thereof coordinates with the movement of the part to produce a continuous weld seam, mainly used for the sealing welding or the seam welding workpiece, such as the fuel tank. . Carbon dioxide welding is a kind of welding method in which arc welding, that is, local heating to melt and join parts without pressing, the arc between the electrode and the workpiece acts as a heat source, while applying carbon dioxide to cover the arc and the melting zone, so that Separated from the atmosphere, mainly used for the welding of body skins.
According to different parts and requirements, a variety of welding techniques are used in the automotive industry, and the welding techniques applied include flash welding, electron beam welding, electric bolt welding, pulse welding, friction welding and the like. In recent years, laser welding has also appeared, and it has developed rapidly. Some of the car bodies produced in China are also welded by laser welding.
Laser technology uses a polarizer to reflect the laser beam to concentrate the beam that produces a large amount of energy in the focusing device. If the focus is close to the workpiece, the workpiece will melt and evaporate within a few milliseconds. This effect can be used in the soldering process. The key to laser welding equipment is high-power lasers. There are two main types, one is solid-state laser, also known as Nd:YAG laser. Nd (钕) is a rare earth element, YAG stands for yttrium aluminum garnet, and its crystal structure is similar to that of ruby. The Nd:YAG laser has a wavelength of 1.06μm. The main advantage is that the generated beam can be transmitted through the optical fiber, thus eliminating the need for a complicated beam delivery system. It is suitable for flexible manufacturing systems or remote processing, and is usually used for workpieces with high welding precision requirements. The automotive industry commonly uses Nd:YAG lasers with an output power of 3-4 kW. The other type is a gas laser, also known as a CO2 laser, which uses a molecular gas as a working medium to produce an infrared laser with an average of 10.6 μm. It can work continuously and output high power. The standard laser power is between 2 and 5 kW.
The characteristic of laser welding is that the workpiece to be welded has very little deformation, almost no joint gap, and the welding depth/width ratio is high, so the welding quality is higher than the conventional welding method. However, such as ensuring the quality of laser welding, that is, laser welding process monitoring and quality control is an important part of the field of laser utilization, including the use of various sensors such as inductors, capacitors, sound waves, photoelectrics, etc., through electronic computer processing, for different welding Objects and requirements, such as weld seam tracking, defect detection, weld quality monitoring and other projects, through the feedback control to adjust the welding process parameters, thus achieving automated laser welding, laser welding provided by laser.
In laser welding, the beam focus position is one of the most critical control process parameters. At a certain laser power and welding speed, only the focus is in the optimal position range to obtain the maximum penetration depth and good weld shape. In actual laser welding, in order to avoid and reduce the factors affecting the stability of the focus position, special clamping and equipment technology is required. The accuracy of this equipment is complementary to the quality of laser welding.
In the automotive industry, laser technology is mainly used for body welding, welding and parts welding. Laser tailor welding is in the design and manufacture of the body. According to the different design and performance requirements of the body, steel plates of different specifications are selected. The laser cutting and assembling technology is used to complete the manufacture of a certain part of the body, such as the front windshield frame and the inner door panel. , underbody, center column, etc. Laser tailor welding has the advantages of reducing the number of parts and molds, reducing the number of spot welds, optimizing material usage, reducing part weight, reducing costs and increasing dimensional accuracy. It has been adopted by many major automakers and component suppliers. Laser welding is mainly used for the welding of body frame structures, such as the welding of the top cover and the side body. The resistance spot welding of the conventional welding method has been gradually replaced by laser welding. With laser welding technology, the width of the joint between the workpiece joints can be reduced, which reduces the amount of sheet used and increases the rigidity of the body. Laser welding parts, the welding parts of the parts are almost no deformation, the welding speed is fast, and there is no need for post-weld heat treatment. Currently, laser welding parts have been widely used, which are commonly found in transmission gears, valve lifters, door hinges, and the like.
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