The nutritional value of seed feed is high, but in order to improve palatability and digestibility, some processing measures are taken before feeding to make fuller use of seed feed. Because the seed coat, hull, internal starch granule structure and certain seeds contain inhibitory substances (such as anti-trypsin), it will affect the digestion and absorption of nutrients in the seed.
First, grinding or crushing
Whole grain feeding of seed feed will reduce digestibility. Grinding is a commonly used method. Crushing can increase the digestibility and utilization of livestock. However, the crushing thickness varies from animal to animal, with pigs and aged animals being 1 mm, cattle and sheep being 1 to 2 mm, and horses being 2 to 4 mm. The birds can be crushed. The pulverized seed feed is more likely to absorb moisture due to the contact with the outside world, so it is necessary to strengthen management.
Second, squash
Add 16% water to the seed feed, heat it to about 120 °C by hot steam, and then press it into a sheet. After cooling, mix with various additives to form a flattened feed. The seed-treated feed treated by the method improves the digestibility and energy utilization rate, and has complete nutrition and good palatability, and can be fed separately to livestock.
Third, heat treatment
Heat treatment can improve feed digestibility and energy efficiency, but how much is related to heating mode, temperature, time, and feed characteristics. Several heating processing methods are described below.
1. Cooking: Bean feed contains substances that inhibit trypsin and affect the digestion of proteins. In addition, the bean feed also contains a bean flavor, which affects palatability. Heat treatment can improve the characteristics and palatability of soybeans (4687, 2.00, 0.04%), but the heating time should not be too long. The temperature at 130 ° C cannot exceed 20 minutes.
2, microwave heat treatment: the method is to use infrared radiation (dry heat treatment) with a wavelength of 4 ~ 6 microns, so that the feed energy value, livestock growth rate and feed conversion rate are significantly improved.
Fourth, biological modulation method
1. Saccharification: Saccharification is the use of cereal seeds and amylase in malt to convert the starch in the feed to maltose, thereby improving the palatability of the feed. 2.5 times of water was added to the ground seed feed, and the mixture was uniformly stirred and placed at a temperature of 55 ° C to 60 ° C. After 4 hours, the sugar content in the feed was increased to 8% to 12%. If 2% malt is added, the saccharification is faster.
2. Germination: The germination of seeds is the process of converting the starch in the seeds into sugar and producing carotene and other vitamins due to the action of the enzyme. The purpose of seed germination is to supplement the deficiency of vitamins in the feed. When the seed begins to germinate, the carbohydrate is first consumed due to the enhancement of respiration, and the protein stored in the embryo is converted into an amino acid. In the process, various beneficial enzymes and vitamins are greatly increased, such as carotene, vitamin E, vitamin C and vitamin B2.
The preparation method is to soak the barley ready to be germinated with water at 15 ° C to 16 ° C for 1 day, then pour off the water, place the seed in a pot or other container, and cover it with a damp cloth to maintain a temperature of 15 ° C. After 3 days, the roots are removed, rinsed with water, and transferred to a germination tray to maintain a room temperature of 15 ° C to 20 ° C. After 6 to 8 days of bud length of 6 to 8 cm, it can be chopped and fed to livestock and poultry. Feeding amount of germinated feed: 20-25 grams of piglets, 250 grams of pregnant sows, 1000 grams of pregnant cows, 700-1000 grams of pregnant mares, 1000 grams of bulls, and 3 to 4 grams of chicks.
3. Fermentation: Fermentation of seed feed is to increase the vitamin B and various enzymes, alcohol and other aromatic stimulating substances in the feed through the action of microorganisms, thereby improving the palatability and nutritional value of the feed, and stimulating the production performance and reproductive capacity of the livestock. . The fermenting microorganisms of the seed feed generally use yeast, so the raw material is required to be a carbohydrate-rich seed, and the beans are not suitable for fermentation.
The fermentation method is: 0.5 to 1.0 kg of yeast per 100 kg of crushed seeds. First, dilute the yeast with warm water, pour 100 kg of feed into the warm water of 150-200 kg (30 ° C ~ 40 ° C), stir evenly, then stir once every 30 minutes, and complete the fermentation after 6-9 hours. The thickness of the feed in the fermenter is preferably 30 cm, the temperature is 20 ° C to 27 ° C, and good ventilation conditions are required.
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