1 feed preparation
1.1 Nutrients required for pig growth and development
The nutrients needed for pigs are crude protein, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins, minerals (including macro and micro elements) and water. Under stocking conditions, pigs can obtain a small amount of minerals and vitamins by eating green fodder, arched soil, etc., but in the case of large-scale cement cultivation, in addition to water, these nutrients must be obtained through feed.
1.2 Common feed ingredients for
(1) Corn: Corn is the main energy feed in China. When preparing pig feed, corn is used as the main body of the compound, and a variety of feed balances are applied around it to supplement the protein.
(2) Wheat bran: Wheat bran is lax, and should be avoided in suckling pig diet. Piglets and medium and large pigs can be used 5%-15%. Wheat bran is a good raw material for controlling pigs to be over-fertilized and constipated. Pregnancy sows can account for about 20% of the diet, and lactating sows should not exceed 20% of the feed, so as to avoid too low energy and affect the amount of lactation.
(3) Soybean meal: The use of soybean meal should be restricted in suckling pig feeding, not more than 25%, because the soybean antigen in soybean meal can cause diarrhea in suckling pigs and weaned piglets.
(4) Cottonseed meal: The gossypol contained in cottonseed meal has certain toxic effects on pigs, so the amount of cottonseed meal should be controlled. Under normal circumstances, the diet of suckling pigs, piglets and sows should not use cottonseed meal, and the growth pigs and fattening pigs should not exceed 6%.
(5) Rapeseed: The bitter taste of rapeseed affects the palatability and protein utilization and hinders the growth of pigs. Therefore, it is best not to use rapeseed for suckling pigs and piglets. It is advisable to add 3%-5% to the diet of growing pigs, finishing pigs and sows.
(6) Peanut cake (cake): Peanut cake is a good source of protein in pig feed. Pigs like to eat, but should not feed more, generally not more than 15%, otherwise the body fat will become soft and affect the carcass quality.
(7) Fishmeal: Fishmeal is an excellent feed ingredient for suckling pigs and piglets. When the cost permits, using some fishmeal as much as possible will help the performance of pig production.
1.3 Principles of Preparation
(1) to meet the nutritional needs of pigs, to ensure the balance of nutrition: pigs need to get heat, protein, minerals, vitamins and other ingredients from the feed. In recent years, pig feed formula design has utilized theories of “available amino acid balanceâ€, “mineral balance†and “acid-base balance†to make nutrition more reasonable and formula more economical.
(2) Safety: 1 Do not use moldy, degraded, contaminated raw materials; 2 Do not use drugs and additives that are easy to residue and harmful to the human body, such as lean meat.
(3) Palatability: Good palatability is a problem that should be fully considered when formulating feed. In addition to ensuring the freshness of feed ingredients, seasonings and flavoring agents can be added to the diet of suckling pigs and piglets.
(4) Economics: The best nutritional formula is not necessarily the most economical formula. The full-price compound feed produced, whether for sale or for personal use, should be considered economically.
1.4 Method for making pig diet formula
(1) Preparation data: 1 Type of raw material. 2 The nutrient content of various raw materials and the content of toxic and harmful substances that may exist. This is the basis for formulating pig diets.
(2) Design formula: According to the known nutritional standards and the nutrient content of various raw materials, the proportion of various raw materials in the formula is reasonably determined, and the digestion energy, crude protein, calcium, phosphorus, salt, lysine and methionine of the formula are made. Just meet the nutritional standards, and the lowest cost. Be sure to pay attention to the scientific nature of the formula when designing the formula. Do not add or replace the ingredients at will.
2 breeding new
2.1 night feeding method
Pigs have the most appetite and the fastest weight gain at temperatures of 20-25 °C. The temperature during the daytime in summer is generally above 30 °C, which has a great influence on the appetite of pigs. The nighttime temperature is low, generally around 20 °C, the pig feels refreshed and comfortable, and the appetite is strong. Therefore, in order to make pigs gain weight in the summer, they must change their traditional habits and adopt night feeding.
2.2 multi-stage feeding method
The multi-stage feeding method requires two kinds of basic compound feeds, one is a compound with high nutrient concentration mixed with trace elements, and the other is a general compound feed with low nutrient concentration. Various diets with different nutrients and levels were prepared by changing the blending ratio of the two compound feeds. Generally speaking, the piglet stage can be changed once every other week. This stage is mainly to use high-concentration basic compound feed; in the shelf pig stage, the blending ratio is changed every 3-4 weeks, and with the increase of body weight, High-concentration feed is reduced. From piglets to fattening, there are 7 different ratios of blending.
2.3 inverted feeding method
This method changes the traditional feeding method of fertilizing the shelf first, and the mixed concentrate is mainly invested in the early and middle stages of the growth of the pig, and the rear is restricted. It is carried out in three stages: before the 40kg of the pig, the concentrate in the diet accounted for 45%, the 40-60kg stage concentrate accounted for 39%, the 60-80kg stage, and the concentrate only accounted for 33%. This method can make the pigs grow lean and have less fat. The test proves that the pigs raised by the inverted feeding method have “three increase and three decrease†compared with the average pigs, that is, the meat yield increases by 6% and the lean meat rate Increase by 10%, the daily increase weight increased by 0.15kg; the number of days of slaughter decreased, the consumption of hair per 1kg of gross weight decreased, and the thickness decreased.
2.4 Non-polluting pig raising method
The method is mainly to use fresh hibiscus and bacteria that can decompose waste, and make a piece of "mattress" placed in the pig pen. When the pigs are excreted, the excrement will pour into the wooden bed because the pigs trample themselves. After a period of fermentation, the whole piece of raft can be picked up and used as fertilizer in the farmland. In this way, it not only solves the problem of environmental pollution on the farm, but also provides high-quality organic fertilizer for agricultural production.
The vibration sensor(Vibration Transmitter) is one of the key components in the testing technology of Vibration Measurement. Its main function is to receive the mechanical quantity and convert it into a proportional electric quantity. Because it is also an electromechanical conversion device. So we sometimes call it a transducer, a vibration pickup, etc.
Commonly used vibration sensors are as follows:
1. Piezoelectric resonant
The piezoelectric sheet is used to receive the vibration signal, and the resonance frequency of the piezoelectric sheet is relatively high. In order to reduce the resonance frequency, it is realized by increasing the mass of the piezoelectric sheet vibrating body, and using a spring ball instead of an appendage to reduce the two resonance frequencies and enhance the vibration effect. Its advantages are high sensitivity and simple structure. However, the signal needs to be amplified and sent to a TTL circuit or a single-chip microcomputer circuit, but it is enough to use a triode single-stage amplification
2. mechanical vibration
In the traditional vibration detection method, after being vibrated, the spring ball vibrates at a reduced amplitude for a long time, and this vibration is easy to be detected by the detection circuit. The vibration output switch signal is determined by the output impedance and the resistance value of the matching output. According to the input impedance of the detection circuit, it can be made into a high-impedance output mode.
3. Micro Vibration Sensor
The mechanical vibration sensor is miniaturized, the vibration body is carbonized and sealed, and its working performance is more reliable. The output switching signal is directly connected with the TTL circuit and or the input circuit of the single-chip microcomputer, and the circuit structure is simple. The output impedance is high, and the quiescent working current is small.
Advantages of Vibration Sensors
1. Small size and light weight. It can be applied to some vibration test systems that are greatly affected by the additional mass.
2. It has a wider response frequency range of 4Hz-2000Hz than the magnetoelectric speed sensor, and the mechanical moving parts are not easy to damage
If you have any questions about the vibration sensor, please contact us, we will provide you with professional and timely answers.
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