China's inorganic salt industry association potash (fertilizer) branch Li Gang: China has a very rich insoluble potash - potassium feldspar resources, preliminary estimates of its long-range resources of potassium oxide is greater than 10 billion tons, if the annual consumption of oxidation of our country's agriculture The calculation of 5 million tons of potassium can satisfy more than 2,000 years of exploitation. In addition, potassium-rich silicate rocks are widely distributed throughout the country and can be sourced, produced on-site, sold locally, and used on the spot, without long-distance transportation.
For a long time, the development of insoluble potassium ore was limited by the lack of production technology. Recently, technological breakthroughs in this area have broken through. The development of insoluble potassium resources in China has moved from the laboratory stage to the direction of industrialized production and agricultural popularization and application. During the "12th Five-Year Plan" period, we must increase the industrialization and application promotion of potash feldspars and other insoluble potassium resources with abundant reserves and widespread distribution. The R&D achievements in this area have passed high-level technical appraisal, but they also need relevant state departments to give concrete support in fertilizer registration certificates and promotion applications, so as to ensure the sustainable development of China's potash fertilizer industry and curb the depletion of land. Acidification trends.
Liu Jianming, director of the Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Research at the Chinese Academy of Sciences: China's agriculture faces two major problems. First of all, China's soluble potassium resources are extremely poor, and the long-term shortage of agricultural potash has become one of the bottlenecks restricting China's agricultural development. Second, and more serious problems, China's agriculture has been producing more productively for a long time, predatoryly consuming mineral elements in the soil, which not only undermines the sustainability of China's farming system, but also reduces the ability of cultivated land to support high yields. In addition, plant diseases increase, quality of agricultural products declines, and nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate decreases. Fortunately, China has an extremely rich insoluble potassium resource, namely potassium feldspar resources. Initial investigations revealed that the insoluble potassium oxide resources exceed 10 billion tons and are widely distributed throughout the country. If these technological innovations can be used to convert the insoluble potassium and other mineral components of these potassium-rich silicate rocks at low cost into an effective nutrient form that plants can absorb, these two major problems can be greatly alleviated.
Tan Shouhua, director of the Science and Technology Bureau of Tongren Prefecture, Guizhou Province: China's potash fertilizer consumption depends heavily on imports, and imported potash fertilizer is expensive. Therefore, the development and utilization of insoluble potassium resources is one of the main directions. In fact, the reserves of insoluble potassium resources in China are extremely abundant. Take Guizhou Province as an example. According to the survey, the northern part of Tongren Prefecture of Guizhou Province starts from Songtao South to Wanshan, and is distributed within a length of approximately 80 km and a width of approximately 20 km. A large number of potassium rock formations cover an area of ​​about 100 square kilometers and a thickness of 38 to 50 meters, of which Wanshan District is the most concentrated. The proven reserves of the open-pit potassium mine in the Wanshan Special Economic Zone are 600 million to 1 billion tons, and the long-term reserve is about 5 billion tons. The average ore grade potassium oxide content is 8.9% and the highest is 9.9%.
China University of Geosciences Professor Ma Hongwen: At present, the domestic process in the development of potash fertilizer using insoluble potash containing potassium can be divided into three categories, one is the high temperature calcination method, including the fire method, sintering method, etc.; the second is the wet chemical method, including pressure heating Method, thermal decomposition water immersion method, acid decomposition method, low temperature decomposition method, etc.; third, biological method. The high-temperature calcination method calcinates insoluble potassium-containing rock at a high temperature above 1200°C, converts insoluble potassium into soluble potassium silicate, and then grinds it into a fertilizer product, but this method has a higher energy consumption. In some studies, potassium feldspar and soda or caustic soda are mixed in a certain proportion and then subjected to a ball milling process. The mixture is sintered at an intermediate temperature of 750°C to 850°C, and then extracted with hot water at 98°C to obtain mineral bases. The purpose of the minerals in the silicon, aluminum can be made of different specifications of alumina and inorganic silicon compounds and other products. Some studies have realized the use of ** and fluorosilicic acid admixtures to catalytically decompose potassium feldspar at a low temperature of 90°C to 150°C. This technology is currently in the midst of an annual production of 1,000 tons of "insoluble potassium-containing shale for the production of potash". . The total production cost of the latter two process methods is similar to the development and utilization of soluble potassium resources, and it can realize the comprehensive utilization of resources such as aluminum and silicon.
For a long time, the development of insoluble potassium ore was limited by the lack of production technology. Recently, technological breakthroughs in this area have broken through. The development of insoluble potassium resources in China has moved from the laboratory stage to the direction of industrialized production and agricultural popularization and application. During the "12th Five-Year Plan" period, we must increase the industrialization and application promotion of potash feldspars and other insoluble potassium resources with abundant reserves and widespread distribution. The R&D achievements in this area have passed high-level technical appraisal, but they also need relevant state departments to give concrete support in fertilizer registration certificates and promotion applications, so as to ensure the sustainable development of China's potash fertilizer industry and curb the depletion of land. Acidification trends.
Liu Jianming, director of the Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Research at the Chinese Academy of Sciences: China's agriculture faces two major problems. First of all, China's soluble potassium resources are extremely poor, and the long-term shortage of agricultural potash has become one of the bottlenecks restricting China's agricultural development. Second, and more serious problems, China's agriculture has been producing more productively for a long time, predatoryly consuming mineral elements in the soil, which not only undermines the sustainability of China's farming system, but also reduces the ability of cultivated land to support high yields. In addition, plant diseases increase, quality of agricultural products declines, and nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate decreases. Fortunately, China has an extremely rich insoluble potassium resource, namely potassium feldspar resources. Initial investigations revealed that the insoluble potassium oxide resources exceed 10 billion tons and are widely distributed throughout the country. If these technological innovations can be used to convert the insoluble potassium and other mineral components of these potassium-rich silicate rocks at low cost into an effective nutrient form that plants can absorb, these two major problems can be greatly alleviated.
Tan Shouhua, director of the Science and Technology Bureau of Tongren Prefecture, Guizhou Province: China's potash fertilizer consumption depends heavily on imports, and imported potash fertilizer is expensive. Therefore, the development and utilization of insoluble potassium resources is one of the main directions. In fact, the reserves of insoluble potassium resources in China are extremely abundant. Take Guizhou Province as an example. According to the survey, the northern part of Tongren Prefecture of Guizhou Province starts from Songtao South to Wanshan, and is distributed within a length of approximately 80 km and a width of approximately 20 km. A large number of potassium rock formations cover an area of ​​about 100 square kilometers and a thickness of 38 to 50 meters, of which Wanshan District is the most concentrated. The proven reserves of the open-pit potassium mine in the Wanshan Special Economic Zone are 600 million to 1 billion tons, and the long-term reserve is about 5 billion tons. The average ore grade potassium oxide content is 8.9% and the highest is 9.9%.
China University of Geosciences Professor Ma Hongwen: At present, the domestic process in the development of potash fertilizer using insoluble potash containing potassium can be divided into three categories, one is the high temperature calcination method, including the fire method, sintering method, etc.; the second is the wet chemical method, including pressure heating Method, thermal decomposition water immersion method, acid decomposition method, low temperature decomposition method, etc.; third, biological method. The high-temperature calcination method calcinates insoluble potassium-containing rock at a high temperature above 1200°C, converts insoluble potassium into soluble potassium silicate, and then grinds it into a fertilizer product, but this method has a higher energy consumption. In some studies, potassium feldspar and soda or caustic soda are mixed in a certain proportion and then subjected to a ball milling process. The mixture is sintered at an intermediate temperature of 750°C to 850°C, and then extracted with hot water at 98°C to obtain mineral bases. The purpose of the minerals in the silicon, aluminum can be made of different specifications of alumina and inorganic silicon compounds and other products. Some studies have realized the use of ** and fluorosilicic acid admixtures to catalytically decompose potassium feldspar at a low temperature of 90°C to 150°C. This technology is currently in the midst of an annual production of 1,000 tons of "insoluble potassium-containing shale for the production of potash". . The total production cost of the latter two process methods is similar to the development and utilization of soluble potassium resources, and it can realize the comprehensive utilization of resources such as aluminum and silicon.
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