Different types of fibers have certain differences in appearance, physical and chemical properties, and thus can be identified. The commonly used identification methods are mainly as follows.
1 . Sensory identification
The sensory identification method, also known as the hand-feeling method, is mainly based on the simple identification of the appearance characteristics and feel of the fiber. Common fiber characteristics are as follows.
(1) Cotton fibers are fine and soft, and the length of the fibers varies. The fabric has a natural cotton sheen that is soft but not smooth. The surface of the grey cloth has fine impurities such as cotton self-dusting.
(2) The hemp fiber is rough and hard, and it is difficult to distinguish a single fiber. The fabric is hard and cool.
(3) Wool fibers are thicker and longer than cotton fibers, full of feel and elastic, and the single fiber is naturally curled. The fine textile fabric has a smooth surface, clear texture, soft luster, elasticity, good body and smooth feel. The coarse textile fabric is rich in surface, tight and soft, elastic and has a light.
(4) Silk has a soft luster and fine and long fibers. The silk surface of the fabric is bright, soft, bright and delicate.
(5) Light-recycled silk has a glaring luster, and the wet strength is much lower than the dry strength.
(6) The gloss of the non-light regenerated silk is poor, and the wet strength is also much lower than the dry strength. The water can be wetted during the identification, and the sensible strength is significantly reduced.
(7) Nylon fiber has waxy light, high strength, good elasticity and easy deformation. It is easily stained by ink and is not easy to wash off.
(8) The appearance of polyester fiber is very similar to that of nylon, but it is less deformable by force and is not easily stained by ink.
2, combustion identification method
Use a ignited match to ignite the fiber near the fiber, depending on the state of the fiber as it approaches the flame, the speed at which the flame burns, the color of the flame, the presence or absence of black smoke, the scent emitted, whether it continues to burn after leaving the flame, and the rate of flame retardation. , ash characteristics, etc. are identified. This method can only identify pure textiles and cannot be used for the identification of blended products.
Generally speaking. Cellulose fibers such as cotton, hemp and viscose will burn immediately upon contact with the flame, and the burning speed is relatively high, and it can spread automatically. There is a burning paper smell, and the ash is grayish white and light. Protein fibers such as silk and wool will shrink when exposed to flame, and then burn. Although the flame can continue to burn after leaving the flame, the burning speed is not as fast as that of cellulose fiber, and it smells like burning feathers when ignited, and the ash is black and brittle. The synthetic fiber shrinks near the flame, then melts and then burns. When it burns, it emits various odors, such as nylon, celery, polyester, aromatic, and polypropylene.
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