American scientists design metamaterials to release energy transfer information in the form of photons

Scientists at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and the University of California, Berkeley, wrote in the Physical Review Letters that they have designed a “quantum metamaterial” that has novel properties that are not found in nature. It consists of artificial crystals made of light. It is composed of ultra-cold atoms that are trapped and, in many respects, similar to crystals, but with a more "perfect" structure, without the common flaws found in natural materials.

The researchers said that they can accurately locate the position of the "probe" atoms in the photonic crystal and use another laser (near-infrared) to tune their behavior so that the atoms can release energy in the form of photons as needed; In turn, this atomic energy is absorbed by another probe atom (in the same or different crystal lattice), resulting in a simple exchange of information.

Zhang Xiang, head of the materials science division of Berkeley Lab, who led the study, said: “The enhancement and ultra-fast control of single photon release is the core of quantum technology, especially quantum information processing. Previous solutions can only be done. At this point, our plan can be considered at the same time." The main author of the paper, Pankadi Ghaha, said: "The new method allows us to control the speed at which photons are released, so that optical information can be processed and transmitted more quickly and efficiently. ."

The latest scheme is expected to accelerate the speed at which probe atoms release photons from nanoseconds (one billionth of a second) to picoseconds (one trillionth of a second) and, more importantly, this process is "lossless. "This means that photons do not lose energy as they do in traditional materials and overcome one of the obstacles to quantum computing and information processing. The ability to rapidly release photons and transmit photons with low loss between atoms is a critical step in information processing in quantum computing.

The researchers found that helium atoms are very suitable for this study, but helium, calcium, and rubidium atoms can also be implanted in artificial crystals. Although the resulting artificial crystal is one-dimensional, it may also be possible to use this method to produce a two-dimensional, three-dimensional quantum metamaterial crystal structure.

Jia Ha emphasized that the latest research combines "ultra-cold atoms" with metamaterials research. "This marriage has solved some of the major challenges facing the metamaterials platform." Zhang Xiang said: "The latest research is expected to be quantum light and Metamaterials interact to open up new areas."

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