Pests and diseases are important factors affecting the quality of tobacco leaves. Chemical pesticides are still the most widely used pest control methods in tobacco production. However, China has a single chemical pesticide variety, and the proportion of highly toxic pesticides is large, and there are few pesticide formulations. Scientific, continuous use of the same dosage form, resulting in high pest resistance, high dosage, high residual pesticide residues in tobacco leaves, affecting the safety of tobacco leaves, and also causing certain pesticide waste. Therefore, the safe and rational use of pesticides is particularly important.
The choice of the application period. When controlling pests, you can get twice the result with half the effort when you choose to apply at a young age. The young larvae (3rd instar) have a thin body wall and micro hairy on the body wall, and the agent is easy to adhere and easily penetrate. As the age of the pest increases, the drug resistance also increases. During this period of prevention and control, using the same agent, increasing the dose and concentration, it is not always possible to receive the control effect at a young age. In the prevention and treatment of diseases, it is generally good to apply the drug before the onset of the disease. If the disease is generally re-applied, the control effect will be very poor. This requires the friend of the tobacco farmer to follow the guidance of the technician according to the forecast information of the pests and diseases that the tobacco department has mastered. Accurate application. At the same time, when using pesticides, pay attention to the surrounding environment, such as weather, soil, etc., generally choose to apply in no wind or breeze, try to avoid noon and rainy days.
The choice of application method. At present, there are various methods for tobacco application, such as spray method, bait method, fumigation method, seed coating treatment method, smearing method, cup-leaching method, etc. In actual application, it is necessary to adapt to the characteristics of pests and diseases and living habits. Flexible selection, which can not only improve the control effect, but also reduce the harm to natural enemies.
The choice of dosage. Choosing the right concentration and dosage of the drug will not only improve the pest control effect, but also reduce the waste of pesticides, while avoiding the phytotoxicity of the crop and killing a large number of natural enemies. Moderate application also means not having to kill all the pests, just suppressing their quantity. Natural enemies are also predators and parasites for natural control, and the appropriate dose should depend on the economic threshold of the hazard.
Reasonable mixing of pesticides. The mixed use of pesticides is an important way to rationally use pesticides. It can not only improve the efficacy and cure pests and diseases, but also prevent pests from developing resistance. It can also save the dosage of chemicals, reduce labor intensity and input costs, and some medicaments. After being mixed with each other, it can play a role as a single agent, and the control effect on tobacco diseases, pests and diseases is improved. The mixed use of pesticides has many advantages, but it does not mean that all the pesticides can be mixed with each other. The mixed use of pesticides must be scientific, and the mixing is subject to certain conditions, which mainly depends on the physical and chemical properties of various pesticides and after mixing. The physical and chemical changes, we must pay attention to mixing and increase efficiency without increasing toxicity. In general, neutral and neutral pesticides, acidic and acidic pesticides, neutral and acidic pesticides can be mixed.
Different types of pesticides are used in rotation. The continuous use of one agent to control one or several pests is the main cause of drug resistance, and the rotation of several different pesticides at different times and spaces is an effective measure to prevent drug resistance.
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