1. How to sum up the development of China's steel industry during the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" period?
The "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" period is the fastest time for China's iron and steel industry to develop rapidly and has achieved remarkable results in energy conservation and emission reduction. The role of market allocation of resources has been continuously strengthened, and various forms of ownership of steel enterprises have developed collaboratively, effectively supporting the stable and rapid national economy. development of. On the other hand, structural contradictions such as product structure and layout are still prominent, and external factors such as resources and the environment have gradually strengthened the restrictive role of the industry.
During the “Eleventh Five-Year Plan†period, China’s crude steel production increased by 275 million tons, which is the highest in the five-year plan. It has exceeded 400 million, 500 million and 600 million steps in five years, and produced 630 million yuan of crude steel in 2010. T, accounting for 44.2% of the world's total production. At the same time as the total volume increases rapidly, a number of energy-saving emission reduction technologies such as CDQ, coal injection from blast furnaces, blast furnace gas and converter gas dry recovery, and heat storage and combustion technologies have been widely promoted, and the energy management level of enterprises has been continuously improved. The comprehensive energy consumption per ton of steel in iron and steel enterprises dropped from 694 kg standard coal to 605 kg standard coal, a drop of 12.8%, and the emissions per ton of steel dioxide dropped from 2.83 kg to 1.63 kg, a decrease of 42.4%. The new water consumption per ton of steel was 8.6 tons fell to 4.1 tons, a decrease of 52.3%. During the "11th Five-Year Plan" period, China eliminated the backward iron-making capacity of 123 million tons and steelmaking capacity of 72.24 million tons.
With the gradual improvement of the socialist market economic system, the basic role of the iron and steel industry in allocating resources in such areas as investment, factor mobility, and business operations has been further strengthened. State-owned, private, and foreign-funded steel companies have promoted each other and coordinated development. Most iron and steel enterprises basically established a modern corporate governance structure. 31 iron and steel companies in the stock market have been increasingly active.
During the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" period, China's iron and steel industry in the process of rapid development of low-level product structure, scattered industrial structure, unreasonable layout, large-scale backward production capacity and other structural problems have not yet been completely resolved; iron ore, coking coal, The resources of chromium ore and other resources are not strong enough to reduce profitability and increase market operating risks. The total energy consumption and pollution emissions of the iron and steel industry further increase the impact on energy and the environment.
2. What are the necessary and important roles in the formulation and promulgation of the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan for Development of the Iron and Steel Industry" (hereinafter referred to as the "Planning")?
The "12th Five-Year Plan" period is a crucial period for deepening reforms and opening up and accelerating the transformation of development methods. China's development is still in an important period of strategic opportunities that can accomplish much. The iron and steel industry is an important basic industry of the national economy and should play an active role in accelerating the transformation of economic development. As the competent department of the iron and steel industry, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology has issued "Planning", which is necessary to guide the restructuring and upgrading of the iron and steel industry and better meet the needs of economic and social development.
"Planning" implements the scientific concept of development, "Twelfth Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development" and the "Industrial Transformation and Upgrading Plan (2011-2015)" completed by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and submitted to the State Council. As the main basis for preparation, closely integrated with the development of the iron and steel industry, it is the detailed refinement and implementation of the above two plans in the steel field. During the preparation of the "Planning", the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology has widely solicited and adopted opinions from relevant departments, localities, industry associations, and experts. The preparation of "Planning" is the process of unifying industry development awareness, and "Planning" is the process of condensing industry. The crystallization of collective wisdom.
Compared with the previous planning of the steel industry, the "Planning" places greater emphasis on the basic role of the market and highlights the principle and direction of the macro instruction of the plan. "Planning" as the guiding document for promoting the healthy development of the iron and steel industry during the "12th Five-Year Plan" period is an important basis for enterprises to formulate development plans and formulate development measures, and to accelerate the acceleration of China's iron and steel enterprises to improve their international competitiveness and promote the acceleration of China's steel industry. It is of great significance to change the mode of development and realize the shift from focusing on scale expansion to focusing on the quality and efficiency of varieties.
Third, why do we say that during the "12th Five-Year Plan" period, China's iron and steel industry will enter the key stage of transforming the development mode?
The “12th Five-Year Plan†period when China’s iron and steel industry will enter a critical stage of transforming its development mode is based on a comprehensive analysis of the status quo, development trend and external environment of China’s steel industry.
First, the iron and steel industry is accelerating the transformation of development methods is an urgent requirement of the national economy and social development. During the "12th Five-Year Plan" period, China will speed up the transformation of economic development and promote the building of a resource-conserving and environment-friendly society. The iron and steel industry is an industry that consumes a lot of resources and energy. In 2010, it consumed 920 million tons of finished iron ore, 330 million tons of coke, and energy consumption accounted for 13.9% of the total energy consumption of the entire society. In order to enhance the sustainability of economic development, the steel industry must accelerate the transformation of development methods to meet the requirements of national economic and social development.
The second is that the iron and steel industry is accelerating the transformation of development methods is the real need for the development of the iron and steel industry itself. Although China's iron and steel industry has made great progress, the structural contradictions such as product structure, industrial organization structure, and production layout that have accumulated during the long-term extensive development process are still outstanding, which restricts the transformation of China's steel industry from large to strong. The extensive mode of relying on scale expansion and large consumption of resources and energy is difficult to sustain, and the development mode must be changed to promote the development of the steel industry.
Third, China’s iron and steel industry has a good foundation for accelerating the transformation of development methods. China’s iron and steel industry is large in size, and has made remarkable progress in variety quality, technical equipment, energy conservation and emission reduction. Some companies have strong international competitiveness, and the overall level of development of the iron and steel industry has reached a new level. It has been able to accelerate the transformation of development methods. Promote a good foundation for a change from big to strong.
Fourth, how does "planning" determine China's crude steel consumption?
Judging the consumption of crude steel is a precondition for the development of the development goals of the iron and steel industry, the definition of key tasks, and policy measures. It is also one of the major reference indicators for planning and policy development in related industries and sectors of the national economy. Its position in the "Plan" is very important. important. At the same time, crude steel demand forecasting is also one of the difficulties in planning. This is determined by the industry attributes of steel and other raw material industries. All of them are driven industries. Consumption is affected by the speed of development of the national economy and the growth rate of fixed assets. . "Planning" analyzes and predicts the consumption of crude steel during the "12th Five-Year Plan" period and the medium and long-term period respectively.
(I) Forecast of crude steel consumption during the "12th Five-year Plan" period. For the “12th Five-Year Plan†period, the forecast of crude steel consumption adopts two methods of actual investigation and index measurement, mainly based on actual investigation and analysis, and comparison and verification of actual survey and analysis results with index measurement. The actual research methods adopted are the industry consumption survey method and the regional consumption balance method: through investigation and analysis of 13 industries in which the actual steel consumption accounts for more than 90% of the total amount of the country, it is estimated that in 2015 China's crude steel consumption will be around 750 million tons; The regional consumption balance method predicts consumption of 820 million tons in 2015 based on factors such as the actual consumption of crude steel in 2010 and the development targets for the province's “12th Five-Year†GDP. The index calculation method adopts consumption coefficient and regression analysis method, and the prediction result range is 7.1-810 million tons.
The actual survey and forecast of 750 million tons is within the forecast results of the indicators, and basically corresponds to the median of the results. The agreement between the two forecast results is relatively high. To this end, the "planning" to 750 million tons for the 2015 domestic crude steel oriented consumption.
Considering China's transformation of its economic development process requires a process, the original development mode will maintain a certain inertia for a certain period of time, and domestic crude steel consumption growth will maintain a high level in the early period of the “Twelfth Five-year Planâ€, such as China's crude steel in 2011. The output is expected to reach 690 million tons, an increase of 9.5%, and the apparent consumption will be about 660 million tons, an increase of 11%. In some future years, there will be even more than the forecasted growth rate, which may exceed the 750 million tons of guiding forecast value, close to Or reach the upper limit of the forecast range.
(II) Analysis and prediction of crude steel consumption in the medium and long term. "Plan" analyzes the history of iron and steel industry development in the United States, Germany, Japan, and other countries, taking into account China's development of the specificity, stage and regional development imbalance, combined with the actual development of China's iron and steel industry, the development trend of the long-term consumption of crude steel Made several basic judgments. First, the world's industrialized countries need to rely mainly on domestic production of steel for industrialization. In the early stage of industrialization and urbanization, the total amount of crude steel rapidly grows, and the peak arc area appears and maintains for a certain period of time. It enters a period of post-industrialization and total crude steel. Due to the slowdown in volume growth and negative growth, the development of China's steel industry will still conform to this rule. Second, China has a large population, large land space, unbalanced development, and high iron and steel consumption will continue for a long time. Third, with the advancement of steel industry technology, steel will develop in the direction of high strength, high toughness, and corrosion resistance. Steel will meet the consumption needs of various industries in the national economy on a new platform with more materials. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the consumption of crude steel. Reduce the "factor." Fourth, the development of China’s steel industry will be affected by the constraints of resource and environment, and the expansion of steel production capacity will be limited. Compared with the above countries, the peak per capita consumption of crude steel in China will be relatively low, but the peak duration of the total peak area of ​​crude steel will be relatively long.
Based on the above judgments, the per capita consumption method of crude steel and the GDP coefficient of consumption method are used to predict that China's medium and long-term crude steel consumption may enter the peak arc area during the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan†period, and the highest peak may appear in 2015. During 2020, the peak value is about 7.7-820 million tons.
Fifth, how to understand the "plan" proposed by the variety of quality objectives?
Steel materials are the most widely used structural materials and important functional materials. China's iron and steel industry still has deficiencies in the quality of steel products. The first is that the quality of the product is low, the quality and stability are poor, and it meets the needs of the national economy at a low level. For example, in China, high-strength 400 MPa and higher-strength steel bars accounted for only 40% of the total steel production in 2010. Most of them are 400 MPa and 500 MPa, and even more than 600 MPa. Second, the R&D and production capacity of high-end products is not strong, and convergence with the downstream industries is poor. The high-quality products such as large-diameter heat-resisting and high-pressure-resistant pipes for high-quality corrosion-resistant shipboards and ultra-supercritical thermal power units need further improvement in R&D, production, and industrialization applications.
For this reason, "Planning" proposes to improve product quality, enhance stability, meet downstream requirements, and propose specific development goals for the quality of varieties from three aspects.
First, for high-strength and high-tenust automotive steels, silicon steel sheets and other products that can be basically R&D and production in China, but still unable to meet domestic demand, the construction of upstream and downstream industrial chains should be strengthened, and the application mechanisms should be jointly promoted to improve the consistency of quality. With commercialization and mass production, the self-sufficiency rate has increased from the current 40 to 60% to more than 90%.
Second, for marine corrosion-resistant steels, low-temperature pressure vessel boards and other domestic R&D production products that still have certain difficulties or industrial application problems, should promote upstream and downstream cooperation, strengthen the link between production and application, in order to quickly promote the first, first On the application, the self-sufficiency rate has increased from the current 30% or less to more than 80%.
Thirdly, for products with high consumption volume, mature domestic production, and urgent need for upgrading and upgrading of 400MPa grade or higher high-strength steel bars, etc., the production and promotion should be increased, and the production ratio should be increased from the current 40% to more than 80%.
6. What are the goals of energy saving and emission reduction in the "Planning"?
During the "11th Five-Year Plan" period, China's iron and steel industry made great progress in energy conservation and emission reduction, but there is still a certain gap compared with the international advanced level. First, there are still about 75 million tons of backward ironmaking and 40 million tons of outdated steelmaking capacity; second, some energy-saving and emission-reduction technologies have not yet been popularized, for example, only 20% of the sintering and deprotection technologies are used; and third, the energy management level of the enterprise is pending. Improvement; Fourth, the application of steel “reduction†is in urgent need of advancement; Fifth, there is still no well-established circular economy among industries. On the whole, there is still room for excavation of the energy-saving and emission reduction potential of China's steel industry.
"Planning" proposed the "12th Five-Year Plan" period in view of the status quo of energy saving and emission reduction of the iron and steel industry, combined with the country's proposed "12th Five Year Plan" period, including the unit GDP GDP, energy consumption, carbon dioxide emissions, total discharge of major pollutants, and other binding targets. China's steel industry energy-saving emission reduction targets.
First, it proposed to eliminate the backward production capacity and maintain the original standard during the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan†period, eliminating blast furnaces (excluding cast blast furnaces) of 400 cubic meters or less and converters and electric furnaces of 30 tons or less. By eliminating outdated production capacity with high energy consumption and high pollution, the structural adjustment of the steel industry will be promoted, and energy consumption and pollutant emissions will be reduced.
Second, from the perspective of promoting energy-saving and emission-reduction technologies, the key statistics for the coke oven dry quenching rate of iron and steel enterprises are over 95%, and all the sintering machines are required to install flue gas off* and waste heat recovery devices in key tasks. All the blast furnaces are equipped with high efficiency. Pulverized coal injection and residual heat and pressure recovery devices.
Third, the iron and steel industry consumes a large amount of energy and emissions, and must assume greater responsibilities and obligations in the binding indicators proposed in the Twelfth Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development. Therefore, “Planning†measures the potential of various indicators according to the actual development of the industry, and proposes that the energy value of industrial added value and carbon dioxide emission per unit of iron and steel industry will decline by 18% in 2015, which is higher than the national target of 16%, but is lower than The 20% target of the industrial sector is mainly to consider that China's iron and steel industry is already at a relatively advanced level of energy saving, and its energy saving potential is relatively small compared to other industrial industries. The goal of a 18% decline is still very arduous. We must increase the added value and promote energy conservation in all directions. It is possible for the platoon to achieve this goal. It is worth mentioning that the "Planning" proposes that the emission per ton of steel dioxide* is reduced by 39%, and the total amount converted to total emissions is equivalent to a 27% drop from 2010, which is much higher than the national target of 8%. The main consideration is to consider China's iron and steel industry has just started sintering off *, low * removal rate, off * potential, the "second five" period through the popular sintering off * can significantly reduce the emission of tons of steel dioxide * target.
7. Why is it important to improve the quality, grade, and stability of large-scale steel products as the top priority in product structure adjustment?
The iron and steel products with rebars, wire rods, plates, and hot-rolled strips used in construction account for more than 80% of the total production of steel products in China, supporting the development of the national economy, meeting the needs of the downstream steel industry, and transforming development. The main point of this kind of steel products is that, as far as the product itself is concerned, the main problem is that the product variety, grade, and stability are far from the international advanced level. In the past, the industry focused its attention on the development of the shortage of varieties. The lack of attention to these types of products with a wide variety of products and the lack of energy consumed has affected the overall level of the industry.
During the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan†period, the contradiction in the number of China's steel industry has been greatly weakened, and the adjustment of product structure is no longer an increase or decrease in quantity. Instead, it must focus on improving the quality of steel products, promoting the transformation and development of downstream industries, and promoting resource conservation. Energy conservation. Therefore, the "Planning" proposes that the quality, grade, and stability of large-scale and wide-ranging iron and steel products should be regarded as the top priority of product structure adjustment.
Improving the quantity, quantity, and stability of large-scale and wide-ranging iron and steel products will promote the “reduction†of steel applications, support the transformation and upgrading of downstream industries, and at the same time slow down the constraints on resources, energy, and the environment of steel production, and accelerate the realization of China's steel industry. It is of great significance to focus on scale expansion and development, on shifting the quality and efficiency of varieties, and even to enhance the competitiveness of China's manufacturing industry.
Take the rebar used in the construction industry as an example. For example, during the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan†period, the proportion of high-strength steel bar 400MPa and above will increase from 40% to 80%. The use of steel bars will be reduced by 10 million tons per year and the consumption of iron ore will be reduced by about 1600. 10,000 tons, reduce carbon emissions by about 20 million tons.
VIII. How do we understand that we encourage a few powerful steel companies to develop high-end steel products and prevent high-grade homogeneity?
The scale of production and sales of high-end steel products is relatively small, barriers to technology, standards, and certification are high. R&D and production costs are large, the cycle is long, and risks are high. Products are mostly direct-sale, and users have strong proprietary needs, high loyalty, and difficulty in market development. Big.
The above-mentioned characteristics of high-end steel products determine that their R&D, production, and industrialization applications have high requirements for steel companies in terms of capital investment, technological capabilities, and market development, and the risks are much higher than ordinary products with a wide range of products. If most companies have increased their investment and R&D and production of high-end products, they will certainly lead to high-grade redundant construction, waste of funds and talents, and disorderly market competition. For example, automotive steel plates, currently 70-80% of the market occupied by Baosteel and foreign companies, other companies can only compete in the remaining relatively low-end market, poor profitability; again as X80 pipeline steel, due to the continuous increase in production enterprises in recent years, With oversupply, the profit per ton of steel is only a few tens of yuan over a period of time.
"Plan" proposes to encourage a small number of powerful steel companies to differentiate the development of high-end steel products and prevent high-grade homogenization. The purpose is to guide enterprises with talent, technology, capital, and R&D system advantages to cooperate with downstream users in accordance with market demand. , To develop high-end steel products, guide enterprises to find the right positioning according to their own conditions, to avoid many companies blindly invest in research and development of high-end steel products, and form a situation of high investment, low yield, or even losses.
9. How to continue to promote the iron and steel industry to effectively eliminate backward production capacity during the "12th Five-Year Plan" period?
Eliminating outdated production capacity is an important means to speed up the upgrade of the equipment structure of the steel industry, promote energy conservation and emission reduction, and optimize the layout. During the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan†period, we must continue to promote the iron and steel industry to eliminate backward production capacity on the basis of the work that has already been carried out, and strive to completely eliminate the backward production capacity determined according to the existing standards. This is one of the important signs for the steel industry to realize the transformation of the development mode.
The first is to completely eliminate backward production capacity according to regulations. During the “Eleventh Five-Year Plan†period, China’s iron and steel industry eliminated a lot of backwardness. A total of 122.72 million tons of outdated iron and steel production capacity and 72.24 million tons of steel production capacity were eliminated. Most of the backward equipment was completely dismantled and an effective system was established. , Mechanism, but there are still 75 million tons of backward iron production capacity and 40 million tons of outdated steel production capacity has not been eliminated, so the "twelfth five-year" period must be strictly eliminated in accordance with relevant laws and regulations.
The second is not to continue to improve the elimination of backward equipment standards. At present, the use of equipment capacity as a standard to eliminate outdated production capacity is mainly due to the fact that it is relatively easy to determine when it is implemented in various places, but it has also led some companies to continue to expand their furnace capacity so that output does not fall. Therefore, the elimination of backwardness in the future will be mainly based on energy consumption and clean production standards, so as to prevent companies from constantly evacuating and renovating outdated equipment to avoid culling, resulting in substantial negative effects such as capacity expansion or false reporting of equipment capacity. With the deepening of scientific development, especially the improvement of the assessment system for energy conservation and emission reduction, we must gradually form a social environment that cannot survive.
The third is to clearly eliminate the backward relationship with the development of the iron and steel industry. The elimination of backwardness as one of the prerequisites for the development of the steel industry. "Planning" proposes: Combine large and small pressures, eliminate backwardness and new projects, and, based on the elimination of backward production capacity in each region, give priority to the elimination of technological transformation projects that eliminate backward tasks and complete better areas and enterprises.
The fourth is to strictly determine the foundry blast furnace and close the back door to eliminate backward iron production capacity. In order to avoid the use of cast iron to avoid elimination and ensure the development of the foundry industry, the industrial and informatization authorities are identifying the foundry pig iron companies and implement dynamic management to promote the elimination of outdated ironmaking production capacity and promote the structural adjustment of the foundry industry. And transformation and upgrading.
X. How does the "planning" consider the technological innovation and technological transformation of the iron and steel industry during the 12th Five-Year Plan period?
Technological innovation and technological transformation play an important supporting role in structural adjustment, transformation and upgrading of the steel industry. During the "12th Five-Year Plan" period, technological innovation and technological transformation should continue to serve the restructuring, transformation and upgrading of the steel industry.
“Planning†puts forward specific requirements for technological innovation in the steel industry from two aspects. The first is the direction of technological innovation in the iron and steel industry. It is necessary to strengthen technological innovations in processes, technical equipment, new products and new materials, energy conservation and emission reduction, and resource utilization. The second task is to establish and improve the technological innovation system and accelerate the establishment of a technological innovation system and mechanism that combines the enterprise as the main body, the market as the orientation, and the combination of production, study, and research.
The historical experience of the development of China's iron and steel industry proves that technological transformation is an effective means of maximizing the role of investment and producing benefits as quickly as possible. During the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan†period, the development of China’s iron and steel industry is facing a shift from focusing on scale expansion to focusing on quality and efficiency. The connotation and key tasks of the iron and steel industry’s technological transformation will also change with it. That is, technological transformation will change the past to improve quality and equipment. At the same time, it also drives the growth of production capacity. Instead, it aims to improve the quality of products and promote energy conservation and emission reduction. As a result, the production capacity may also be reduced. Some environmental protection measures will also increase costs, but the performance of steel products will increase. High, the amount will be reduced, and it is more in tune with the development of the city. To this end, the "planning" put forward the five major areas of the technological transformation of the iron and steel industry during the "12th Five-Year Plan" period, namely, the quality of varieties, resource development, energy-saving and emission reduction, process technology, and the integration of the two, and defined the specifics of each field. Technical renovation focus.
XI. How to understand the idea of ​​promoting the optimal layout of the iron and steel industry during the “12th Five-Year Plan†period?
"Planning" pointed out that in the "12th Five-Year Plan" period, we must combine mergers, reorganizations, and elimination of backwardness. Without increasing our production capacity, we should optimize the industrial layout and put forward specific requirements for steel development in key regions.
First, the Bohai Rim region (three provinces: Beijing, Tianjin, Liaoning, Hebei, and Shandong) and the Yangtze River Delta region (Jiangsu, Shanghai, Zhejiang, and one city) will no longer build new iron and steel bases in principle. China’s steel supply in the Bohai Rim region is in excess of demand, and the steel consumption in the region is less than 50% of its production capacity. Most of the steel flows to other regions mainly located in the south. The water resources in the region are strained and the environmental pressure is high. The imported iron ore is far away from the sea. The long-distance transport of steel products further increases the traffic load. The Yangtze River Delta has a prosperous economy with a large amount of steel production and consumption. It is in a weak balance of slightly oversupply for supply. There is a shortage of land in the region, energy supply is tight, and environmental capacity is small. We must participate in higher levels of international cooperation during the 12th Five-Year Plan period. And competition has taken the lead in the country in changing the mode of economic development, adjusting economic structure and independent innovation. Therefore, it is not appropriate to build new steel bases in these two regions.
The second is to continue to promote the construction of southeast coastal steel bases. There are mainly the following considerations: (1) Mitigating the contradiction between supply and demand and supporting regional economic development. At present and in the future, steel production in the PRD and its surrounding areas cannot meet regional demand. Most of these products are high value-added products. The contradiction between supply and demand is more prominent. Speeding up the construction of Zhanjiang and Fangchenggang iron and steel boutique bases will help ease the contradiction between supply and demand. Promoting the construction of the Ningde Iron and Steel Base in Fujian is the implementation of the national strategy for the development of the western coast of the Taiwan Strait and will provide strong support for the economic development in the region. (B) to promote the major layout adjustment of the iron and steel industry. The layout of China's steel industry has basically taken shape. If the layout is completed in the southeastern coastal areas, the major layout of China's steel industry can be basically completed in the future. Advancing the construction of steel bases in the southeastern coastal areas will also help suppress the blind expansion of steel production capacity in overcapacity regions and completely eliminate the consideration of these regions in targeting the Pearl River Delta market. (III) Accelerating the construction of iron and steel bases in the southeastern coastal areas during the “12th Five-Year Plan†is a concrete implementation of the policy of maintaining pressure, helping to promote the strategic layout and optimization and upgrading of Baosteel, Anshan Iron and Steel and Wuhan Iron and Steel, and fostering the development of steels with international competitiveness. Enterprise groups to promote the transformation of China's steel industry from big to strong.
Third, relatively independent regions in some regions of the western region have moderately developed the iron and steel industry. The western region's iron and steel industry already has a certain foundation, but it is still relatively backward. With the deep development of the western region, the state has increased its investment in the western region. The growth of investment in fixed assets in the western region has accelerated significantly, and the demand for steel in some western regions remains There is some space. The western region can conditionally develop the iron and steel industry in areas with certain resources, energy and market advantages, combined with regional differentiation policies. This aspect is conducive to promoting the development of the western region and strengthening the economic strength, narrowing the gap between the East, Central and West. On the other hand, it will contribute to structural adjustment and industrial transfer of the iron and steel industry in the eastern region. However, we must make plans and develop in an orderly manner based on resources, energy, and markets. The plan proposes to support Xinjiang, Yunnan, Heilongjiang and other border regions and actively explore the use of minerals, energy, and markets outside the border to develop the steel industry.
XII. What considerations does the "planning" have for the development of urban steel plants?
According to statistics, in 2010, the output of crude steel from 39 steel mills in China was close to 40% of the national total output. With the improvement of urban development level and the expansion of the scale of steel enterprises, the contradiction between urban steel plants and urban functions has become increasingly apparent. Some steel companies cannot meet the new requirements for urban development in terms of industrial structure, resources, environment, energy, land, and transportation. Faced with the predicament, some steel mills such as Tangshan Iron and Steel Group and Taigang Iron and Steel and other steel companies have adopted a technological transformation to develop a circular economy and gradually eased the contradictions and initially achieved coordinated development with the city. A small number of urban steel plants such as Shougang, Chunggang, and Dalian have overcome difficulties and implemented ex situ relocation. Cities and enterprises have entered a new stage of development. However, the economic and social impacts caused by them require long-term attention and proper response. Another part of urban steel mills is exploring and implementing relocation and transformation.
Urban steel plant transformation, long-distance or near-distance relocation and transformation are only means rather than ends. The starting point for the development of urban steel plants must be people-centered, depending on the location of the city’s development, the status and role of the steel plant in the urban economy, and the strength of the company, especially It is necessary to consider factors such as the employment and life of enterprise personnel and adopt a differentiated development path that suits the actual situation of the enterprise and has regional characteristics, instead of blindly pursuing relocation, and it is impossible to expand production capacity through relocation.
Existing urban steel mills should learn from the experience of Tangshan South Steel and Taiyuan Steel and strive to achieve coordinated development with the city through in-situ transformation and upgrading, and continue to play an important role in local economic and social life. For steel plants that are inconsistent with the urban development, relocation, transformation or development is carried out according to the capacity of the city, the enterprise, the employees, and the society. In the relocation of new plant sites, we must consider the possibility and affordability of the long-term work and life of the employees, and carefully select the relocation site.
13. How to deal with the relationship between domestic and overseas iron ore resource development during the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan†period. How to establish China's iron ore resource security system?
With the rapid development of the domestic iron and steel industry, the global distribution trend of iron ore resources in China has been formed. In 2010, China's iron ore import countries reached 40 (as of 2011, it has expanded to 63), and imports of 618 million tons, About 67% of the total consumption of iron ore, nearly 32 percentage points higher than a decade ago. Driven by the high mineral price and high yield, domestic iron ore production also increased by 26.4% from January to October 2011, and imported iron ore increased by 10.9%. The growth rate of domestic mines is greater than that of imported mines.
There are many opinions on how to improve ore security. There are two aspects that are more concentrated: First, increase the development of domestic mines, increase the self-sufficiency rate to increase the right to speak, and second, increase the development of foreign mines and increase the proportion of equity mines. The “Planning†puts forward a new idea. Taking into account the low grade of China’s iron ore resources, poor margins, and high mining costs, we believe that in this case, from the perspective of resource internationalization and energy conservation and emission reduction, more import mines are used. It is correct and inevitable that imports should be encouraged and should not be a problem. The problem is that China's iron and steel enterprises have no say in the pricing of imported ore. The key to solving this problem is to encourage iron and steel companies to go global, not only to mine, but more importantly to build factories, to bring in billets or steel, instead of only domestically. Encouraging companies to go out and build steel plants is a big strategy for the development of the iron and steel industry during the “12th Five-Year Plan†period, and raising the level of domestic iron ore resources is the second-level issue. Therefore, the plan did not regard the low proportion of domestic ore supply as a problem, nor did it propose the goal of ensuring the proportion of domestic ore mines. During the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan†period, it is necessary to link the establishment of an iron ore resource security system in China with the development of the iron and steel industry. Focus on the following tasks: First, develop and utilize international resources, establish stable, reliable sources of raw materials such as iron ore, chromium ore, manganese ore, coking coal, and transportation security systems in countries and regions with resources advantages and neighboring countries. The second is to increase the exploration of domestic iron ore resources, improve the comprehensive utilization of tailings recovery, and promote the integration of existing mine resources. The third is to strengthen and improve the management of imported iron ore, study and guide the establishment of an iron ore price formation system that is consistent with the market, can be coordinated and developed over the long term, and regulate the domestic iron ore market order. The fourth is to support domestic steel companies and other enterprises to “go global†by investing and building steel plants abroad and investing in foreign iron and steel enterprises. The fifth is to promote the “reduction†of steel use, improve the scientific use of steel, and reduce iron ore consumption. Sixth, increase the construction of scrap recycling and utilization systems, focus on the construction of a number of scrap steel processing demonstration bases, and improve the processing, recycling, and distribution industrial chain.
14. What is the need to promote the merger and reorganization of the iron and steel industry? Why is it necessary to promote cross-regional mergers and reorganizations of key large enterprises and to promote mergers and reorganizations in the region? What is the goal of 60% industrial concentration?
China's iron and steel industry has more than 7,000 enterprises, of which more than 500 are crude steel producers, with an average size of only 1 million tons. The crude steel output of the first four steel enterprises only accounted for 27.8% of the country's total output, far behind the United States and Japan. , South Korea 70% to 90% of the level. The low degree of industrial concentration has led to or exacerbated blind investment, redundant construction, and disorderly competition to a certain extent, which has seriously constrained the improvement of China's steel industry innovation capability and industry self-discipline ability. During the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan†period, mergers and reorganizations are an important starting point for advancing China’s iron and steel industry structural adjustment, and also the only way for China to form an iron and steel enterprise group with international competitiveness. It is necessary to combine the elimination of backwardness, technological transformation, and optimization of layout to further promote China’s steel companies. Mergers and acquisitions.
"Plan" clearly puts emphasis on supporting major steel companies to carry out cross-regional, cross-ownership mergers and reorganizations, and actively supports the merger and reorganization of regional steel companies. The first is the complexity and diversity of China’s development. These two models emerged as the dominant position in the merger and reorganization of China’s steel industry. They are mutually exclusive and objective. From the perspective of current development, they are in line with the actual development of China’s steel industry. Reorganization mode. The second is that these two models still have a large space for implementation during the 12th Five-Year Plan period and will play a major role in accelerating the process of merger and reorganization in China's steel industry. In addition, the "plan" proposed to support these two types of mergers and acquisitions does not mean denying or opposing other mergers and reorganizations, but also to encourage various companies and companies to explore various forms of mergers and acquisitions, such as the restructuring of the lower reaches. As long as it is conducive to structural adjustment, transformation and upgrading of the iron and steel industry, it will help the restructured enterprises to play a synergistic effect and increase their competitiveness. It should be supported.
In the opinion of the State Council on promoting mergers and reorganizations of enterprises, the emphasis is on the principle that mergers and reorganizations should play the main role of the enterprise, adhere to market operations, and guide the government. On the one hand, we must give full play to the basic role of the market mechanism and standardize administrative behaviors. The enterprises should conduct mergers and reorganizations through equal consultation and compliance with laws and regulations to prevent “Lang-Lang matchingâ€. On the other hand, we must pay attention to strengthening the government's coordination and management of mergers and reorganizations of steel companies, and steadily and efficiently promote the merger and reorganization of iron and steel enterprises so as to avoid negative effects caused by vicious competition and forced mergers and acquisitions. At the same time, it will guide enterprises to combine mergers and acquisitions with backward elimination, energy-saving emission reduction, and transformation and upgrading, maximize the synergy effect of mergers and acquisitions, and effectively enhance the competitiveness of enterprises.
“Planning†proposes in the target that at the end of the “Twelfth Five-Year Planâ€, the industrial concentration of the top ten steel companies will increase to 60%. This is an increase of 12 percentage points on the existing basis. First, taking into account the complexity of mergers and reorganizations of China's steel companies, it is difficult for industrial concentration to increase significantly in the short term. Second, China has a vast territory and unbalanced regional development. The iron and steel industry is large in scale and distributed, and the multiple ownership of steel enterprises coexists. The characteristics of the management system are obvious. It is difficult for China’s steel industry to be like the steel industry in countries such as Japan and South Korea. Two to three companies account for 70 to 80% of production, which is not in line with China’s national conditions. Therefore, 60% is proposed. The development goals are more in line with our country’s reality.
15. Why should we promote cooperation with downstream users in the “12th Five-Year Plan†period and how to strengthen the steel industry chain?
For a long time, China’s iron and steel industry has attached importance to production, construction, and operation, neglected the coordination and cooperation with users in the downstream industries, attached importance to manufacturing products, regarded the provision of services lightly, had a low degree of integration with the downstream industries, and was not closely related to the R&D, production, and application of steel products. . This has led to slow upgrading of downstream steel products and users of new steel products.如，高强螺纹钢ç‹ç‰ä¸€äº›ç”Ÿäº§æŠ€æœ¯æˆç†Ÿçš„高性能钢é“æ料推广应用缓慢，已具有生产æ¡ä»¶çš„æ ¸ç”µè’¸å‘器管ã€è¶…超临界电站锅炉用ä¸é”ˆé’¢ç‚‰ç®¡ç‰é«˜ç«¯äº§å“难以实现国内产业化应用。
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The "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" period is the fastest time for China's iron and steel industry to develop rapidly and has achieved remarkable results in energy conservation and emission reduction. The role of market allocation of resources has been continuously strengthened, and various forms of ownership of steel enterprises have developed collaboratively, effectively supporting the stable and rapid national economy. development of. On the other hand, structural contradictions such as product structure and layout are still prominent, and external factors such as resources and the environment have gradually strengthened the restrictive role of the industry.
During the “Eleventh Five-Year Plan†period, China’s crude steel production increased by 275 million tons, which is the highest in the five-year plan. It has exceeded 400 million, 500 million and 600 million steps in five years, and produced 630 million yuan of crude steel in 2010. T, accounting for 44.2% of the world's total production. At the same time as the total volume increases rapidly, a number of energy-saving emission reduction technologies such as CDQ, coal injection from blast furnaces, blast furnace gas and converter gas dry recovery, and heat storage and combustion technologies have been widely promoted, and the energy management level of enterprises has been continuously improved. The comprehensive energy consumption per ton of steel in iron and steel enterprises dropped from 694 kg standard coal to 605 kg standard coal, a drop of 12.8%, and the emissions per ton of steel dioxide dropped from 2.83 kg to 1.63 kg, a decrease of 42.4%. The new water consumption per ton of steel was 8.6 tons fell to 4.1 tons, a decrease of 52.3%. During the "11th Five-Year Plan" period, China eliminated the backward iron-making capacity of 123 million tons and steelmaking capacity of 72.24 million tons.
With the gradual improvement of the socialist market economic system, the basic role of the iron and steel industry in allocating resources in such areas as investment, factor mobility, and business operations has been further strengthened. State-owned, private, and foreign-funded steel companies have promoted each other and coordinated development. Most iron and steel enterprises basically established a modern corporate governance structure. 31 iron and steel companies in the stock market have been increasingly active.
During the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" period, China's iron and steel industry in the process of rapid development of low-level product structure, scattered industrial structure, unreasonable layout, large-scale backward production capacity and other structural problems have not yet been completely resolved; iron ore, coking coal, The resources of chromium ore and other resources are not strong enough to reduce profitability and increase market operating risks. The total energy consumption and pollution emissions of the iron and steel industry further increase the impact on energy and the environment.
2. What are the necessary and important roles in the formulation and promulgation of the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan for Development of the Iron and Steel Industry" (hereinafter referred to as the "Planning")?
The "12th Five-Year Plan" period is a crucial period for deepening reforms and opening up and accelerating the transformation of development methods. China's development is still in an important period of strategic opportunities that can accomplish much. The iron and steel industry is an important basic industry of the national economy and should play an active role in accelerating the transformation of economic development. As the competent department of the iron and steel industry, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology has issued "Planning", which is necessary to guide the restructuring and upgrading of the iron and steel industry and better meet the needs of economic and social development.
"Planning" implements the scientific concept of development, "Twelfth Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development" and the "Industrial Transformation and Upgrading Plan (2011-2015)" completed by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and submitted to the State Council. As the main basis for preparation, closely integrated with the development of the iron and steel industry, it is the detailed refinement and implementation of the above two plans in the steel field. During the preparation of the "Planning", the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology has widely solicited and adopted opinions from relevant departments, localities, industry associations, and experts. The preparation of "Planning" is the process of unifying industry development awareness, and "Planning" is the process of condensing industry. The crystallization of collective wisdom.
Compared with the previous planning of the steel industry, the "Planning" places greater emphasis on the basic role of the market and highlights the principle and direction of the macro instruction of the plan. "Planning" as the guiding document for promoting the healthy development of the iron and steel industry during the "12th Five-Year Plan" period is an important basis for enterprises to formulate development plans and formulate development measures, and to accelerate the acceleration of China's iron and steel enterprises to improve their international competitiveness and promote the acceleration of China's steel industry. It is of great significance to change the mode of development and realize the shift from focusing on scale expansion to focusing on the quality and efficiency of varieties.
Third, why do we say that during the "12th Five-Year Plan" period, China's iron and steel industry will enter the key stage of transforming the development mode?
The “12th Five-Year Plan†period when China’s iron and steel industry will enter a critical stage of transforming its development mode is based on a comprehensive analysis of the status quo, development trend and external environment of China’s steel industry.
First, the iron and steel industry is accelerating the transformation of development methods is an urgent requirement of the national economy and social development. During the "12th Five-Year Plan" period, China will speed up the transformation of economic development and promote the building of a resource-conserving and environment-friendly society. The iron and steel industry is an industry that consumes a lot of resources and energy. In 2010, it consumed 920 million tons of finished iron ore, 330 million tons of coke, and energy consumption accounted for 13.9% of the total energy consumption of the entire society. In order to enhance the sustainability of economic development, the steel industry must accelerate the transformation of development methods to meet the requirements of national economic and social development.
The second is that the iron and steel industry is accelerating the transformation of development methods is the real need for the development of the iron and steel industry itself. Although China's iron and steel industry has made great progress, the structural contradictions such as product structure, industrial organization structure, and production layout that have accumulated during the long-term extensive development process are still outstanding, which restricts the transformation of China's steel industry from large to strong. The extensive mode of relying on scale expansion and large consumption of resources and energy is difficult to sustain, and the development mode must be changed to promote the development of the steel industry.
Third, China’s iron and steel industry has a good foundation for accelerating the transformation of development methods. China’s iron and steel industry is large in size, and has made remarkable progress in variety quality, technical equipment, energy conservation and emission reduction. Some companies have strong international competitiveness, and the overall level of development of the iron and steel industry has reached a new level. It has been able to accelerate the transformation of development methods. Promote a good foundation for a change from big to strong.
Fourth, how does "planning" determine China's crude steel consumption?
Judging the consumption of crude steel is a precondition for the development of the development goals of the iron and steel industry, the definition of key tasks, and policy measures. It is also one of the major reference indicators for planning and policy development in related industries and sectors of the national economy. Its position in the "Plan" is very important. important. At the same time, crude steel demand forecasting is also one of the difficulties in planning. This is determined by the industry attributes of steel and other raw material industries. All of them are driven industries. Consumption is affected by the speed of development of the national economy and the growth rate of fixed assets. . "Planning" analyzes and predicts the consumption of crude steel during the "12th Five-Year Plan" period and the medium and long-term period respectively.
(I) Forecast of crude steel consumption during the "12th Five-year Plan" period. For the “12th Five-Year Plan†period, the forecast of crude steel consumption adopts two methods of actual investigation and index measurement, mainly based on actual investigation and analysis, and comparison and verification of actual survey and analysis results with index measurement. The actual research methods adopted are the industry consumption survey method and the regional consumption balance method: through investigation and analysis of 13 industries in which the actual steel consumption accounts for more than 90% of the total amount of the country, it is estimated that in 2015 China's crude steel consumption will be around 750 million tons; The regional consumption balance method predicts consumption of 820 million tons in 2015 based on factors such as the actual consumption of crude steel in 2010 and the development targets for the province's “12th Five-Year†GDP. The index calculation method adopts consumption coefficient and regression analysis method, and the prediction result range is 7.1-810 million tons.
The actual survey and forecast of 750 million tons is within the forecast results of the indicators, and basically corresponds to the median of the results. The agreement between the two forecast results is relatively high. To this end, the "planning" to 750 million tons for the 2015 domestic crude steel oriented consumption.
Considering China's transformation of its economic development process requires a process, the original development mode will maintain a certain inertia for a certain period of time, and domestic crude steel consumption growth will maintain a high level in the early period of the “Twelfth Five-year Planâ€, such as China's crude steel in 2011. The output is expected to reach 690 million tons, an increase of 9.5%, and the apparent consumption will be about 660 million tons, an increase of 11%. In some future years, there will be even more than the forecasted growth rate, which may exceed the 750 million tons of guiding forecast value, close to Or reach the upper limit of the forecast range.
(II) Analysis and prediction of crude steel consumption in the medium and long term. "Plan" analyzes the history of iron and steel industry development in the United States, Germany, Japan, and other countries, taking into account China's development of the specificity, stage and regional development imbalance, combined with the actual development of China's iron and steel industry, the development trend of the long-term consumption of crude steel Made several basic judgments. First, the world's industrialized countries need to rely mainly on domestic production of steel for industrialization. In the early stage of industrialization and urbanization, the total amount of crude steel rapidly grows, and the peak arc area appears and maintains for a certain period of time. It enters a period of post-industrialization and total crude steel. Due to the slowdown in volume growth and negative growth, the development of China's steel industry will still conform to this rule. Second, China has a large population, large land space, unbalanced development, and high iron and steel consumption will continue for a long time. Third, with the advancement of steel industry technology, steel will develop in the direction of high strength, high toughness, and corrosion resistance. Steel will meet the consumption needs of various industries in the national economy on a new platform with more materials. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the consumption of crude steel. Reduce the "factor." Fourth, the development of China’s steel industry will be affected by the constraints of resource and environment, and the expansion of steel production capacity will be limited. Compared with the above countries, the peak per capita consumption of crude steel in China will be relatively low, but the peak duration of the total peak area of ​​crude steel will be relatively long.
Based on the above judgments, the per capita consumption method of crude steel and the GDP coefficient of consumption method are used to predict that China's medium and long-term crude steel consumption may enter the peak arc area during the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan†period, and the highest peak may appear in 2015. During 2020, the peak value is about 7.7-820 million tons.
Fifth, how to understand the "plan" proposed by the variety of quality objectives?
Steel materials are the most widely used structural materials and important functional materials. China's iron and steel industry still has deficiencies in the quality of steel products. The first is that the quality of the product is low, the quality and stability are poor, and it meets the needs of the national economy at a low level. For example, in China, high-strength 400 MPa and higher-strength steel bars accounted for only 40% of the total steel production in 2010. Most of them are 400 MPa and 500 MPa, and even more than 600 MPa. Second, the R&D and production capacity of high-end products is not strong, and convergence with the downstream industries is poor. The high-quality products such as large-diameter heat-resisting and high-pressure-resistant pipes for high-quality corrosion-resistant shipboards and ultra-supercritical thermal power units need further improvement in R&D, production, and industrialization applications.
For this reason, "Planning" proposes to improve product quality, enhance stability, meet downstream requirements, and propose specific development goals for the quality of varieties from three aspects.
First, for high-strength and high-tenust automotive steels, silicon steel sheets and other products that can be basically R&D and production in China, but still unable to meet domestic demand, the construction of upstream and downstream industrial chains should be strengthened, and the application mechanisms should be jointly promoted to improve the consistency of quality. With commercialization and mass production, the self-sufficiency rate has increased from the current 40 to 60% to more than 90%.
Second, for marine corrosion-resistant steels, low-temperature pressure vessel boards and other domestic R&D production products that still have certain difficulties or industrial application problems, should promote upstream and downstream cooperation, strengthen the link between production and application, in order to quickly promote the first, first On the application, the self-sufficiency rate has increased from the current 30% or less to more than 80%.
Thirdly, for products with high consumption volume, mature domestic production, and urgent need for upgrading and upgrading of 400MPa grade or higher high-strength steel bars, etc., the production and promotion should be increased, and the production ratio should be increased from the current 40% to more than 80%.
6. What are the goals of energy saving and emission reduction in the "Planning"?
During the "11th Five-Year Plan" period, China's iron and steel industry made great progress in energy conservation and emission reduction, but there is still a certain gap compared with the international advanced level. First, there are still about 75 million tons of backward ironmaking and 40 million tons of outdated steelmaking capacity; second, some energy-saving and emission-reduction technologies have not yet been popularized, for example, only 20% of the sintering and deprotection technologies are used; and third, the energy management level of the enterprise is pending. Improvement; Fourth, the application of steel “reduction†is in urgent need of advancement; Fifth, there is still no well-established circular economy among industries. On the whole, there is still room for excavation of the energy-saving and emission reduction potential of China's steel industry.
"Planning" proposed the "12th Five-Year Plan" period in view of the status quo of energy saving and emission reduction of the iron and steel industry, combined with the country's proposed "12th Five Year Plan" period, including the unit GDP GDP, energy consumption, carbon dioxide emissions, total discharge of major pollutants, and other binding targets. China's steel industry energy-saving emission reduction targets.
First, it proposed to eliminate the backward production capacity and maintain the original standard during the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan†period, eliminating blast furnaces (excluding cast blast furnaces) of 400 cubic meters or less and converters and electric furnaces of 30 tons or less. By eliminating outdated production capacity with high energy consumption and high pollution, the structural adjustment of the steel industry will be promoted, and energy consumption and pollutant emissions will be reduced.
Second, from the perspective of promoting energy-saving and emission-reduction technologies, the key statistics for the coke oven dry quenching rate of iron and steel enterprises are over 95%, and all the sintering machines are required to install flue gas off* and waste heat recovery devices in key tasks. All the blast furnaces are equipped with high efficiency. Pulverized coal injection and residual heat and pressure recovery devices.
Third, the iron and steel industry consumes a large amount of energy and emissions, and must assume greater responsibilities and obligations in the binding indicators proposed in the Twelfth Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development. Therefore, “Planning†measures the potential of various indicators according to the actual development of the industry, and proposes that the energy value of industrial added value and carbon dioxide emission per unit of iron and steel industry will decline by 18% in 2015, which is higher than the national target of 16%, but is lower than The 20% target of the industrial sector is mainly to consider that China's iron and steel industry is already at a relatively advanced level of energy saving, and its energy saving potential is relatively small compared to other industrial industries. The goal of a 18% decline is still very arduous. We must increase the added value and promote energy conservation in all directions. It is possible for the platoon to achieve this goal. It is worth mentioning that the "Planning" proposes that the emission per ton of steel dioxide* is reduced by 39%, and the total amount converted to total emissions is equivalent to a 27% drop from 2010, which is much higher than the national target of 8%. The main consideration is to consider China's iron and steel industry has just started sintering off *, low * removal rate, off * potential, the "second five" period through the popular sintering off * can significantly reduce the emission of tons of steel dioxide * target.
7. Why is it important to improve the quality, grade, and stability of large-scale steel products as the top priority in product structure adjustment?
The iron and steel products with rebars, wire rods, plates, and hot-rolled strips used in construction account for more than 80% of the total production of steel products in China, supporting the development of the national economy, meeting the needs of the downstream steel industry, and transforming development. The main point of this kind of steel products is that, as far as the product itself is concerned, the main problem is that the product variety, grade, and stability are far from the international advanced level. In the past, the industry focused its attention on the development of the shortage of varieties. The lack of attention to these types of products with a wide variety of products and the lack of energy consumed has affected the overall level of the industry.
During the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan†period, the contradiction in the number of China's steel industry has been greatly weakened, and the adjustment of product structure is no longer an increase or decrease in quantity. Instead, it must focus on improving the quality of steel products, promoting the transformation and development of downstream industries, and promoting resource conservation. Energy conservation. Therefore, the "Planning" proposes that the quality, grade, and stability of large-scale and wide-ranging iron and steel products should be regarded as the top priority of product structure adjustment.
Improving the quantity, quantity, and stability of large-scale and wide-ranging iron and steel products will promote the “reduction†of steel applications, support the transformation and upgrading of downstream industries, and at the same time slow down the constraints on resources, energy, and the environment of steel production, and accelerate the realization of China's steel industry. It is of great significance to focus on scale expansion and development, on shifting the quality and efficiency of varieties, and even to enhance the competitiveness of China's manufacturing industry.
Take the rebar used in the construction industry as an example. For example, during the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan†period, the proportion of high-strength steel bar 400MPa and above will increase from 40% to 80%. The use of steel bars will be reduced by 10 million tons per year and the consumption of iron ore will be reduced by about 1600. 10,000 tons, reduce carbon emissions by about 20 million tons.
VIII. How do we understand that we encourage a few powerful steel companies to develop high-end steel products and prevent high-grade homogeneity?
The scale of production and sales of high-end steel products is relatively small, barriers to technology, standards, and certification are high. R&D and production costs are large, the cycle is long, and risks are high. Products are mostly direct-sale, and users have strong proprietary needs, high loyalty, and difficulty in market development. Big.
The above-mentioned characteristics of high-end steel products determine that their R&D, production, and industrialization applications have high requirements for steel companies in terms of capital investment, technological capabilities, and market development, and the risks are much higher than ordinary products with a wide range of products. If most companies have increased their investment and R&D and production of high-end products, they will certainly lead to high-grade redundant construction, waste of funds and talents, and disorderly market competition. For example, automotive steel plates, currently 70-80% of the market occupied by Baosteel and foreign companies, other companies can only compete in the remaining relatively low-end market, poor profitability; again as X80 pipeline steel, due to the continuous increase in production enterprises in recent years, With oversupply, the profit per ton of steel is only a few tens of yuan over a period of time.
"Plan" proposes to encourage a small number of powerful steel companies to differentiate the development of high-end steel products and prevent high-grade homogenization. The purpose is to guide enterprises with talent, technology, capital, and R&D system advantages to cooperate with downstream users in accordance with market demand. , To develop high-end steel products, guide enterprises to find the right positioning according to their own conditions, to avoid many companies blindly invest in research and development of high-end steel products, and form a situation of high investment, low yield, or even losses.
9. How to continue to promote the iron and steel industry to effectively eliminate backward production capacity during the "12th Five-Year Plan" period?
Eliminating outdated production capacity is an important means to speed up the upgrade of the equipment structure of the steel industry, promote energy conservation and emission reduction, and optimize the layout. During the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan†period, we must continue to promote the iron and steel industry to eliminate backward production capacity on the basis of the work that has already been carried out, and strive to completely eliminate the backward production capacity determined according to the existing standards. This is one of the important signs for the steel industry to realize the transformation of the development mode.
The first is to completely eliminate backward production capacity according to regulations. During the “Eleventh Five-Year Plan†period, China’s iron and steel industry eliminated a lot of backwardness. A total of 122.72 million tons of outdated iron and steel production capacity and 72.24 million tons of steel production capacity were eliminated. Most of the backward equipment was completely dismantled and an effective system was established. , Mechanism, but there are still 75 million tons of backward iron production capacity and 40 million tons of outdated steel production capacity has not been eliminated, so the "twelfth five-year" period must be strictly eliminated in accordance with relevant laws and regulations.
The second is not to continue to improve the elimination of backward equipment standards. At present, the use of equipment capacity as a standard to eliminate outdated production capacity is mainly due to the fact that it is relatively easy to determine when it is implemented in various places, but it has also led some companies to continue to expand their furnace capacity so that output does not fall. Therefore, the elimination of backwardness in the future will be mainly based on energy consumption and clean production standards, so as to prevent companies from constantly evacuating and renovating outdated equipment to avoid culling, resulting in substantial negative effects such as capacity expansion or false reporting of equipment capacity. With the deepening of scientific development, especially the improvement of the assessment system for energy conservation and emission reduction, we must gradually form a social environment that cannot survive.
The third is to clearly eliminate the backward relationship with the development of the iron and steel industry. The elimination of backwardness as one of the prerequisites for the development of the steel industry. "Planning" proposes: Combine large and small pressures, eliminate backwardness and new projects, and, based on the elimination of backward production capacity in each region, give priority to the elimination of technological transformation projects that eliminate backward tasks and complete better areas and enterprises.
The fourth is to strictly determine the foundry blast furnace and close the back door to eliminate backward iron production capacity. In order to avoid the use of cast iron to avoid elimination and ensure the development of the foundry industry, the industrial and informatization authorities are identifying the foundry pig iron companies and implement dynamic management to promote the elimination of outdated ironmaking production capacity and promote the structural adjustment of the foundry industry. And transformation and upgrading.
X. How does the "planning" consider the technological innovation and technological transformation of the iron and steel industry during the 12th Five-Year Plan period?
Technological innovation and technological transformation play an important supporting role in structural adjustment, transformation and upgrading of the steel industry. During the "12th Five-Year Plan" period, technological innovation and technological transformation should continue to serve the restructuring, transformation and upgrading of the steel industry.
“Planning†puts forward specific requirements for technological innovation in the steel industry from two aspects. The first is the direction of technological innovation in the iron and steel industry. It is necessary to strengthen technological innovations in processes, technical equipment, new products and new materials, energy conservation and emission reduction, and resource utilization. The second task is to establish and improve the technological innovation system and accelerate the establishment of a technological innovation system and mechanism that combines the enterprise as the main body, the market as the orientation, and the combination of production, study, and research.
The historical experience of the development of China's iron and steel industry proves that technological transformation is an effective means of maximizing the role of investment and producing benefits as quickly as possible. During the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan†period, the development of China’s iron and steel industry is facing a shift from focusing on scale expansion to focusing on quality and efficiency. The connotation and key tasks of the iron and steel industry’s technological transformation will also change with it. That is, technological transformation will change the past to improve quality and equipment. At the same time, it also drives the growth of production capacity. Instead, it aims to improve the quality of products and promote energy conservation and emission reduction. As a result, the production capacity may also be reduced. Some environmental protection measures will also increase costs, but the performance of steel products will increase. High, the amount will be reduced, and it is more in tune with the development of the city. To this end, the "planning" put forward the five major areas of the technological transformation of the iron and steel industry during the "12th Five-Year Plan" period, namely, the quality of varieties, resource development, energy-saving and emission reduction, process technology, and the integration of the two, and defined the specifics of each field. Technical renovation focus.
XI. How to understand the idea of ​​promoting the optimal layout of the iron and steel industry during the “12th Five-Year Plan†period?
"Planning" pointed out that in the "12th Five-Year Plan" period, we must combine mergers, reorganizations, and elimination of backwardness. Without increasing our production capacity, we should optimize the industrial layout and put forward specific requirements for steel development in key regions.
First, the Bohai Rim region (three provinces: Beijing, Tianjin, Liaoning, Hebei, and Shandong) and the Yangtze River Delta region (Jiangsu, Shanghai, Zhejiang, and one city) will no longer build new iron and steel bases in principle. China’s steel supply in the Bohai Rim region is in excess of demand, and the steel consumption in the region is less than 50% of its production capacity. Most of the steel flows to other regions mainly located in the south. The water resources in the region are strained and the environmental pressure is high. The imported iron ore is far away from the sea. The long-distance transport of steel products further increases the traffic load. The Yangtze River Delta has a prosperous economy with a large amount of steel production and consumption. It is in a weak balance of slightly oversupply for supply. There is a shortage of land in the region, energy supply is tight, and environmental capacity is small. We must participate in higher levels of international cooperation during the 12th Five-Year Plan period. And competition has taken the lead in the country in changing the mode of economic development, adjusting economic structure and independent innovation. Therefore, it is not appropriate to build new steel bases in these two regions.
The second is to continue to promote the construction of southeast coastal steel bases. There are mainly the following considerations: (1) Mitigating the contradiction between supply and demand and supporting regional economic development. At present and in the future, steel production in the PRD and its surrounding areas cannot meet regional demand. Most of these products are high value-added products. The contradiction between supply and demand is more prominent. Speeding up the construction of Zhanjiang and Fangchenggang iron and steel boutique bases will help ease the contradiction between supply and demand. Promoting the construction of the Ningde Iron and Steel Base in Fujian is the implementation of the national strategy for the development of the western coast of the Taiwan Strait and will provide strong support for the economic development in the region. (B) to promote the major layout adjustment of the iron and steel industry. The layout of China's steel industry has basically taken shape. If the layout is completed in the southeastern coastal areas, the major layout of China's steel industry can be basically completed in the future. Advancing the construction of steel bases in the southeastern coastal areas will also help suppress the blind expansion of steel production capacity in overcapacity regions and completely eliminate the consideration of these regions in targeting the Pearl River Delta market. (III) Accelerating the construction of iron and steel bases in the southeastern coastal areas during the “12th Five-Year Plan†is a concrete implementation of the policy of maintaining pressure, helping to promote the strategic layout and optimization and upgrading of Baosteel, Anshan Iron and Steel and Wuhan Iron and Steel, and fostering the development of steels with international competitiveness. Enterprise groups to promote the transformation of China's steel industry from big to strong.
Third, relatively independent regions in some regions of the western region have moderately developed the iron and steel industry. The western region's iron and steel industry already has a certain foundation, but it is still relatively backward. With the deep development of the western region, the state has increased its investment in the western region. The growth of investment in fixed assets in the western region has accelerated significantly, and the demand for steel in some western regions remains There is some space. The western region can conditionally develop the iron and steel industry in areas with certain resources, energy and market advantages, combined with regional differentiation policies. This aspect is conducive to promoting the development of the western region and strengthening the economic strength, narrowing the gap between the East, Central and West. On the other hand, it will contribute to structural adjustment and industrial transfer of the iron and steel industry in the eastern region. However, we must make plans and develop in an orderly manner based on resources, energy, and markets. The plan proposes to support Xinjiang, Yunnan, Heilongjiang and other border regions and actively explore the use of minerals, energy, and markets outside the border to develop the steel industry.
XII. What considerations does the "planning" have for the development of urban steel plants?
According to statistics, in 2010, the output of crude steel from 39 steel mills in China was close to 40% of the national total output. With the improvement of urban development level and the expansion of the scale of steel enterprises, the contradiction between urban steel plants and urban functions has become increasingly apparent. Some steel companies cannot meet the new requirements for urban development in terms of industrial structure, resources, environment, energy, land, and transportation. Faced with the predicament, some steel mills such as Tangshan Iron and Steel Group and Taigang Iron and Steel and other steel companies have adopted a technological transformation to develop a circular economy and gradually eased the contradictions and initially achieved coordinated development with the city. A small number of urban steel plants such as Shougang, Chunggang, and Dalian have overcome difficulties and implemented ex situ relocation. Cities and enterprises have entered a new stage of development. However, the economic and social impacts caused by them require long-term attention and proper response. Another part of urban steel mills is exploring and implementing relocation and transformation.
Urban steel plant transformation, long-distance or near-distance relocation and transformation are only means rather than ends. The starting point for the development of urban steel plants must be people-centered, depending on the location of the city’s development, the status and role of the steel plant in the urban economy, and the strength of the company, especially It is necessary to consider factors such as the employment and life of enterprise personnel and adopt a differentiated development path that suits the actual situation of the enterprise and has regional characteristics, instead of blindly pursuing relocation, and it is impossible to expand production capacity through relocation.
Existing urban steel mills should learn from the experience of Tangshan South Steel and Taiyuan Steel and strive to achieve coordinated development with the city through in-situ transformation and upgrading, and continue to play an important role in local economic and social life. For steel plants that are inconsistent with the urban development, relocation, transformation or development is carried out according to the capacity of the city, the enterprise, the employees, and the society. In the relocation of new plant sites, we must consider the possibility and affordability of the long-term work and life of the employees, and carefully select the relocation site.
13. How to deal with the relationship between domestic and overseas iron ore resource development during the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan†period. How to establish China's iron ore resource security system?
With the rapid development of the domestic iron and steel industry, the global distribution trend of iron ore resources in China has been formed. In 2010, China's iron ore import countries reached 40 (as of 2011, it has expanded to 63), and imports of 618 million tons, About 67% of the total consumption of iron ore, nearly 32 percentage points higher than a decade ago. Driven by the high mineral price and high yield, domestic iron ore production also increased by 26.4% from January to October 2011, and imported iron ore increased by 10.9%. The growth rate of domestic mines is greater than that of imported mines.
There are many opinions on how to improve ore security. There are two aspects that are more concentrated: First, increase the development of domestic mines, increase the self-sufficiency rate to increase the right to speak, and second, increase the development of foreign mines and increase the proportion of equity mines. The “Planning†puts forward a new idea. Taking into account the low grade of China’s iron ore resources, poor margins, and high mining costs, we believe that in this case, from the perspective of resource internationalization and energy conservation and emission reduction, more import mines are used. It is correct and inevitable that imports should be encouraged and should not be a problem. The problem is that China's iron and steel enterprises have no say in the pricing of imported ore. The key to solving this problem is to encourage iron and steel companies to go global, not only to mine, but more importantly to build factories, to bring in billets or steel, instead of only domestically. Encouraging companies to go out and build steel plants is a big strategy for the development of the iron and steel industry during the “12th Five-Year Plan†period, and raising the level of domestic iron ore resources is the second-level issue. Therefore, the plan did not regard the low proportion of domestic ore supply as a problem, nor did it propose the goal of ensuring the proportion of domestic ore mines. During the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan†period, it is necessary to link the establishment of an iron ore resource security system in China with the development of the iron and steel industry. Focus on the following tasks: First, develop and utilize international resources, establish stable, reliable sources of raw materials such as iron ore, chromium ore, manganese ore, coking coal, and transportation security systems in countries and regions with resources advantages and neighboring countries. The second is to increase the exploration of domestic iron ore resources, improve the comprehensive utilization of tailings recovery, and promote the integration of existing mine resources. The third is to strengthen and improve the management of imported iron ore, study and guide the establishment of an iron ore price formation system that is consistent with the market, can be coordinated and developed over the long term, and regulate the domestic iron ore market order. The fourth is to support domestic steel companies and other enterprises to “go global†by investing and building steel plants abroad and investing in foreign iron and steel enterprises. The fifth is to promote the “reduction†of steel use, improve the scientific use of steel, and reduce iron ore consumption. Sixth, increase the construction of scrap recycling and utilization systems, focus on the construction of a number of scrap steel processing demonstration bases, and improve the processing, recycling, and distribution industrial chain.
14. What is the need to promote the merger and reorganization of the iron and steel industry? Why is it necessary to promote cross-regional mergers and reorganizations of key large enterprises and to promote mergers and reorganizations in the region? What is the goal of 60% industrial concentration?
China's iron and steel industry has more than 7,000 enterprises, of which more than 500 are crude steel producers, with an average size of only 1 million tons. The crude steel output of the first four steel enterprises only accounted for 27.8% of the country's total output, far behind the United States and Japan. , South Korea 70% to 90% of the level. The low degree of industrial concentration has led to or exacerbated blind investment, redundant construction, and disorderly competition to a certain extent, which has seriously constrained the improvement of China's steel industry innovation capability and industry self-discipline ability. During the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan†period, mergers and reorganizations are an important starting point for advancing China’s iron and steel industry structural adjustment, and also the only way for China to form an iron and steel enterprise group with international competitiveness. It is necessary to combine the elimination of backwardness, technological transformation, and optimization of layout to further promote China’s steel companies. Mergers and acquisitions.
"Plan" clearly puts emphasis on supporting major steel companies to carry out cross-regional, cross-ownership mergers and reorganizations, and actively supports the merger and reorganization of regional steel companies. The first is the complexity and diversity of China’s development. These two models emerged as the dominant position in the merger and reorganization of China’s steel industry. They are mutually exclusive and objective. From the perspective of current development, they are in line with the actual development of China’s steel industry. Reorganization mode. The second is that these two models still have a large space for implementation during the 12th Five-Year Plan period and will play a major role in accelerating the process of merger and reorganization in China's steel industry. In addition, the "plan" proposed to support these two types of mergers and acquisitions does not mean denying or opposing other mergers and reorganizations, but also to encourage various companies and companies to explore various forms of mergers and acquisitions, such as the restructuring of the lower reaches. As long as it is conducive to structural adjustment, transformation and upgrading of the iron and steel industry, it will help the restructured enterprises to play a synergistic effect and increase their competitiveness. It should be supported.
In the opinion of the State Council on promoting mergers and reorganizations of enterprises, the emphasis is on the principle that mergers and reorganizations should play the main role of the enterprise, adhere to market operations, and guide the government. On the one hand, we must give full play to the basic role of the market mechanism and standardize administrative behaviors. The enterprises should conduct mergers and reorganizations through equal consultation and compliance with laws and regulations to prevent “Lang-Lang matchingâ€. On the other hand, we must pay attention to strengthening the government's coordination and management of mergers and reorganizations of steel companies, and steadily and efficiently promote the merger and reorganization of iron and steel enterprises so as to avoid negative effects caused by vicious competition and forced mergers and acquisitions. At the same time, it will guide enterprises to combine mergers and acquisitions with backward elimination, energy-saving emission reduction, and transformation and upgrading, maximize the synergy effect of mergers and acquisitions, and effectively enhance the competitiveness of enterprises.
“Planning†proposes in the target that at the end of the “Twelfth Five-Year Planâ€, the industrial concentration of the top ten steel companies will increase to 60%. This is an increase of 12 percentage points on the existing basis. First, taking into account the complexity of mergers and reorganizations of China's steel companies, it is difficult for industrial concentration to increase significantly in the short term. Second, China has a vast territory and unbalanced regional development. The iron and steel industry is large in scale and distributed, and the multiple ownership of steel enterprises coexists. The characteristics of the management system are obvious. It is difficult for China’s steel industry to be like the steel industry in countries such as Japan and South Korea. Two to three companies account for 70 to 80% of production, which is not in line with China’s national conditions. Therefore, 60% is proposed. The development goals are more in line with our country’s reality.
15. Why should we promote cooperation with downstream users in the “12th Five-Year Plan†period and how to strengthen the steel industry chain?
For a long time, China’s iron and steel industry has attached importance to production, construction, and operation, neglected the coordination and cooperation with users in the downstream industries, attached importance to manufacturing products, regarded the provision of services lightly, had a low degree of integration with the downstream industries, and was not closely related to the R&D, production, and application of steel products. . This has led to slow upgrading of downstream steel products and users of new steel products.如，高强螺纹钢ç‹ç‰ä¸€äº›ç”Ÿäº§æŠ€æœ¯æˆç†Ÿçš„高性能钢é“æ料推广应用缓慢，已具有生产æ¡ä»¶çš„æ ¸ç”µè’¸å‘器管ã€è¶…超临界电站锅炉用ä¸é”ˆé’¢ç‚‰ç®¡ç‰é«˜ç«¯äº§å“难以实现国内产业化应用。
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Poleline Construction Hardwares
Poleline construction hardware refers to the various components and equipment used in the construction and maintenance of power transmission and distribution lines. These hardware items are designed to support and secure the conductors, insulators, and other components of the poleline system. Some common examples of poleline construction hardware include:
Pole Line Fittings: These are various fittings and attachments that are used to connect conductors to the poles, insulators, and other components. Examples include pole brackets, crossarms, guy wire clamps, and pole bands.
Insulators: Insulators are used to support and isolate electric conductors from the pole or tower structure. They prevent the flow of electric current from the conductor to the ground. Insulators can be made of various materials such as glass, porcelain, or composite materials.
Anchoring and Guying Systems: These systems are used to provide stability and support to the poles or towers. They include guy wires, anchors, deadends, and turnbuckles.
Yokelink supply a full line of Poleline Hardware, we offer from the top of the pole to underground. Here are some of the pole line accessories that you are likely to use for your project
Yokelink Flat Crossarm Brace used to support wood cross arms carrying tangent loads. Round corners on the brace ends prevent damage and reduce the possibility of injury. Hot dip galvanized meet ASTM A153 specification.
Yokelink Alley Arm Brace used for side-arm construction, mounted to one side of the pole, mount at a 45 degree angle and come complete with solidly riveted lineman step. Hot dip galvanized meet ASTM A153 specification.
Yokelink Insulator Brackets are used to mount post type insulators from 15kv to 34.5kv on the side of the pole. Hot dip galvanized meet ASTM A153 specification.
Yokelink Cutout and Arrester Brackets are used for strength and mounting a variety of electrical equipment including arresters, cutouts, combination units and terminations. All components are Hot dip galvanized to meet ASTM A153 specification.
Transformer Bracket, Brace, Cutout, Alley, Cross Arm Brace, Pole Band
Ningbo Yokelink Machinery Co.,Limited , https://www.yokelink.com