In the process of fruit tree growth, due to improper spraying of pesticides, fruit tree phytotoxicity will be caused. If no remedial measures are taken immediately, the lighter will affect the normal growth of fruit trees, resulting in reduced yield and reduced income; severe cases will lead to fruit tree death and serious economic losses. Symptoms of common phytotoxicity The germination of the buds is delayed by the germination of the fruit trees, and it can not be germinated normally. In particular, tree species such as stone fruit peaches and apricots are prone to occur.
Leaf phytotoxicity
1-2 days after the drug, round or irregular red spots appeared on the leaves. The tip of the leaf and the edge of the leaf become brown and dry, and the severe whole leaves are burnt off. 5-7 days after the drug. The blade portion is irregularly yellowed. Severe whole leaves turn yellow off.
Fruit phytotoxicity
3-5 days after the drug, red or brown spots appear on the fruit surface of the young fruit. As the fruit develops, it expands into a circular spot, but generally does not fall off. Some 7-10 days after the drug, the young fruit fell off a lot, and the serious tree fell. From July to August, due to the appearance of rust or "bordeaux" plaques, the red fruit becomes a "flower face" fruit, which seriously affects the fruit grade.
Branch phytotoxicity
From the ground along the trunk, the phloem of the tree becomes brown, and it extends to 2-3 years. After 5-7 days, the severe whole tree leaves turn yellow or fall off on the tree; the light part of the main branch turns yellow and dead, and some of the damaged trees can grow new leaves. Causes of phytotoxicity The causes of phytotoxicity are mainly related to the quality of pesticides, the use of technology, the type of fruit trees and climatic conditions. The quality of pesticides is unqualified. The harmful impurities in the production of raw materials exceed the standard. The general shelf life of pesticides is two years. The production and storage time is long. The active ingredients are decomposed into harmful substances. Not only insecticidal and bactericidal effects are poor, but also phytotoxics are easy to occur. Including excessive concentration, repeated spraying, it is also easy to cause phytotoxicity; improper mixing of pesticides, simultaneous application of two or more pesticides, chemical changes between pesticides, low insecticidal and bactericidal effects, phytotoxicity; Conditions are also an important cause of phytotoxicity. For example, after spraying Bordeaux mixture, the liquid is not dry or the temperature is too high.
Remedy
Watering spray
If found early, the affected plants should be sprayed with water immediately to dilute and wash off the pesticides adhering to the foliage and branches, and reduce the pesticide content in the trees. The sooner the measure is implemented, the better the effect will be. If it is a phytotoxicity caused by a systemic drug such as volcanic granules, it should be taken promptly to take the measures of irrigating and irrigating, that is, firstly flooding the surface of the orchard, and then pouring 1-2 times of running water to wash away the soil. Residual pesticides.
Spray neutralization
If the leaves are whitened by phytotoxicity, the granular 50% humate (dissolved first with a small amount of water) can be used to form a 3000-fold solution for foliar spray; or 50% humate can be formulated 5000 times in the same way. The liquid is irrigated and the leaves gradually turn green after 3-5 days. For example, due to the phytotoxicity caused by copper sulphate in Bordeaux mixture, 0.5%-1% lime solution can be sprayed to eliminate the poison; if the sulphur is caused by the stone sulphur mixture, spray 400-500 meters vinegar on the basis of water washing. The solution can reduce the phytotoxicity; if the phytotoxicity caused by improper dimethoate is used, the borax solution of 200 times can be sprayed 1-2 times; if the pesticides such as organophosphate, pyrethroids and carbamate are used in a wrong or excessive manner, The phytotoxicity can be sprayed with 0.5%-1% lime water, washing powder solution, soapy water, etc., especially spraying ammonium bicarbonate alkaline fertilizer solution, which not only has detoxification effect, but also can play root dressing. Promote the effects of growth and development. Whether it is spraying alkaline substances or alkaline fertilizers, we must pay attention to the right amount, so as not to increase the concentration and increase the harm.
Timely topdressing
After the fruit tree suffers from phytotoxicity, it must be topdressed in time (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other chemical fertilizers or thin human excrement) to promote the recovery of the affected fruit trees as soon as possible. If the phytotoxicity is caused by acidic pesticides, some ash, lime, and medicine can be applied. The heavy weight was sprayed with 1% bleaching powder. For the phytotoxicity caused by alkaline pesticides, acid fertilizers such as ammonium sulfate can be applied. Regardless of the phytotoxicity, foliar application of 0.3% urea solution plus 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate mixture, or 1000 times liquid plant power 2003 spray, every 10-17 days, even spray 2 3 times, can alleviate the phytotoxicity. When injecting clear water, in the prevention and control of the pests such as the beetle, the genus worm, the hibiscus, etc., the phytotoxicity caused by the high concentration of the trapping drug should immediately inject a large amount of clean water from the wormhole on the trunk and make it Low flow to dilute pesticides, such as acidic pesticides, adding appropriate amount of quicklime to the injected water to accelerate the decomposition of pesticides.
Cultivating loose soil
After the fruit tree is damaged, it is necessary to carry out the cultivating loose soil (depth 11-15 cm) in time, and artificially cultivate the roots, and appropriately increase the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer to improve the permeability of the soil, promote root development and enhance the fruit tree itself. Resilience. Appropriate amount of trimming.
After the fruit tree is harmed by the phytotoxicity, it should be trimmed in time and in a proper amount, the dead branches should be cut off, and the dead leaves should be removed to prevent the spread of the dead parts or the infection by the pathogens.
Leaf phytotoxicity
1-2 days after the drug, round or irregular red spots appeared on the leaves. The tip of the leaf and the edge of the leaf become brown and dry, and the severe whole leaves are burnt off. 5-7 days after the drug. The blade portion is irregularly yellowed. Severe whole leaves turn yellow off.
Fruit phytotoxicity
3-5 days after the drug, red or brown spots appear on the fruit surface of the young fruit. As the fruit develops, it expands into a circular spot, but generally does not fall off. Some 7-10 days after the drug, the young fruit fell off a lot, and the serious tree fell. From July to August, due to the appearance of rust or "bordeaux" plaques, the red fruit becomes a "flower face" fruit, which seriously affects the fruit grade.
Branch phytotoxicity
From the ground along the trunk, the phloem of the tree becomes brown, and it extends to 2-3 years. After 5-7 days, the severe whole tree leaves turn yellow or fall off on the tree; the light part of the main branch turns yellow and dead, and some of the damaged trees can grow new leaves. Causes of phytotoxicity The causes of phytotoxicity are mainly related to the quality of pesticides, the use of technology, the type of fruit trees and climatic conditions. The quality of pesticides is unqualified. The harmful impurities in the production of raw materials exceed the standard. The general shelf life of pesticides is two years. The production and storage time is long. The active ingredients are decomposed into harmful substances. Not only insecticidal and bactericidal effects are poor, but also phytotoxics are easy to occur. Including excessive concentration, repeated spraying, it is also easy to cause phytotoxicity; improper mixing of pesticides, simultaneous application of two or more pesticides, chemical changes between pesticides, low insecticidal and bactericidal effects, phytotoxicity; Conditions are also an important cause of phytotoxicity. For example, after spraying Bordeaux mixture, the liquid is not dry or the temperature is too high.
Remedy
Watering spray
If found early, the affected plants should be sprayed with water immediately to dilute and wash off the pesticides adhering to the foliage and branches, and reduce the pesticide content in the trees. The sooner the measure is implemented, the better the effect will be. If it is a phytotoxicity caused by a systemic drug such as volcanic granules, it should be taken promptly to take the measures of irrigating and irrigating, that is, firstly flooding the surface of the orchard, and then pouring 1-2 times of running water to wash away the soil. Residual pesticides.
Spray neutralization
If the leaves are whitened by phytotoxicity, the granular 50% humate (dissolved first with a small amount of water) can be used to form a 3000-fold solution for foliar spray; or 50% humate can be formulated 5000 times in the same way. The liquid is irrigated and the leaves gradually turn green after 3-5 days. For example, due to the phytotoxicity caused by copper sulphate in Bordeaux mixture, 0.5%-1% lime solution can be sprayed to eliminate the poison; if the sulphur is caused by the stone sulphur mixture, spray 400-500 meters vinegar on the basis of water washing. The solution can reduce the phytotoxicity; if the phytotoxicity caused by improper dimethoate is used, the borax solution of 200 times can be sprayed 1-2 times; if the pesticides such as organophosphate, pyrethroids and carbamate are used in a wrong or excessive manner, The phytotoxicity can be sprayed with 0.5%-1% lime water, washing powder solution, soapy water, etc., especially spraying ammonium bicarbonate alkaline fertilizer solution, which not only has detoxification effect, but also can play root dressing. Promote the effects of growth and development. Whether it is spraying alkaline substances or alkaline fertilizers, we must pay attention to the right amount, so as not to increase the concentration and increase the harm.
Timely topdressing
After the fruit tree suffers from phytotoxicity, it must be topdressed in time (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other chemical fertilizers or thin human excrement) to promote the recovery of the affected fruit trees as soon as possible. If the phytotoxicity is caused by acidic pesticides, some ash, lime, and medicine can be applied. The heavy weight was sprayed with 1% bleaching powder. For the phytotoxicity caused by alkaline pesticides, acid fertilizers such as ammonium sulfate can be applied. Regardless of the phytotoxicity, foliar application of 0.3% urea solution plus 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate mixture, or 1000 times liquid plant power 2003 spray, every 10-17 days, even spray 2 3 times, can alleviate the phytotoxicity. When injecting clear water, in the prevention and control of the pests such as the beetle, the genus worm, the hibiscus, etc., the phytotoxicity caused by the high concentration of the trapping drug should immediately inject a large amount of clean water from the wormhole on the trunk and make it Low flow to dilute pesticides, such as acidic pesticides, adding appropriate amount of quicklime to the injected water to accelerate the decomposition of pesticides.
Cultivating loose soil
After the fruit tree is damaged, it is necessary to carry out the cultivating loose soil (depth 11-15 cm) in time, and artificially cultivate the roots, and appropriately increase the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer to improve the permeability of the soil, promote root development and enhance the fruit tree itself. Resilience. Appropriate amount of trimming.
After the fruit tree is harmed by the phytotoxicity, it should be trimmed in time and in a proper amount, the dead branches should be cut off, and the dead leaves should be removed to prevent the spread of the dead parts or the infection by the pathogens.
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